Table 5.
Subgroup Analysis of the Effect of Intervention Elements on Nipple Pain
| Subgroups | Number of studies | Participants (n) | Heterogeneity test outcomes | Effects model | Meta-analysis | Interaction p-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Experimental/Control) | p-value | I2 (%) |
RR (95% CI) | ||||
| Intervention | 0.51 | ||||||
| LBBF | 5 [37–39, 41, 43] | 368/368 | 0.000 | 96.9% | Random | 0.23 (0.06, 0.94) | |
| LBBF +SSC | 3 [44, 45, 47] | 172/168 | 0.096 | 57.3% | Random | 0.39 (0.21, 0.71) | |
| Deliver mode | 0.97 | ||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 1 [45] | 48/48 | – | – | Random | 0.27 (0.15, 0.51) | |
| Vaginal delivery & caesarean | 7 [37–39, 41, 43, 44, 47] | 492/488 | 0.000 | 94.9% | Random | 0.28 (0.12, 0.66) | |
| Maternal category | 0.14 | ||||||
| Primipara | 1 [44] | 74/70 | – | – | Random | 0.57 (0.39, 0.84) | |
| Primipara & multipara | 7 [37–39, 41, 43, 45, 47] | 466/466 | 0.000 | 95.6% | Random | 0.24 (0.08, 0.70) | |