Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| References, country | Study design | Sample: population, sample size, mean age ± SD | Groups: sample size, mean age ± SD | Intervention | Intervention characteristics | Outcome measures | PEDro score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cakmakçi (2011), Turkey | RCT | Healthy sedentary obese women, n = 61 | IG: n = 34, 36.15 ± 9.59 years | (a) IG: Pilates exercise | 8 weeks, 4 sessions/week, 60 min/session | BW BMI BFP LBM WC |
6 |
| CG: n = 27, 38.96 ± 10.02 years | (b) CG: without intervention | ||||||
| Gorji et al. (2015), Iran | RCT | Sedentary overweight women aged between 37 and 45 years (BMI > 25 kg/m2), n = 60 | IG: n = 15, 41.62 ± 2.05 years | (a) IG: Pilates exercise | 8 weeks, 3 sessions/week, 60 min/session | BW BMI |
6 |
| CG: n = 15, 40.62 ± 3.05 years | (b) CG: capsules containing starch powder, without other intervention | ||||||
| SG: n = 15, 40.62 ± 3.05 years | (c) SG: celery supplement, not included in meta-analysis | ||||||
| SPG: n = 15, 39.60 ± 2.70 years | (d) SPG: celery supplement plus Pilates exercise, not included in meta-analysis | ||||||
| Savkin and Aslan (2016), Turkey | RCT | Sedentary overweight and obese women aged between 30 and 50 years (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), n = 37, (43.79 ± 4.88) years | IG: n = 19, 43.79 ± 4.88 years CG: n = 18, 39.67 ± 6.30 years |
(a) IG: Pilates exercise (b) CG: normal lifestyle |
8 weeks, 3 sessions/week, 90 min/session | BW BMI BFP LBM WC |
6 |
| Wong et al. (2020), USA | RCT | Obese young women with elevated blood pressure aged between 19 and 27 years and BMI (30–40 kg/m2), n = 28 | IG: n = 14, 22.0 ± 3.74 years CG: n = 14, 23.0 ± 3.74 years |
(a) IG: Pilates exercise (b) CG: normal lifestyle |
12 weeks, 3 sessions/week, 60 min/session | BW BMI BFP LBM |
8 |
| Jung et al. (2020), Korea | RCT | Overweight and obese women aged between 34 and 60 years (BMI > 25 kg/m2), n = 32, (47.5 ± 7.5) years | IG: n = 10, 43.8 ± 8.6 years CG: n = 10, 51.6 ± 6.5 years |
(a) IG: normoxic Pilates exercise (b) CG: normal lifestyle |
12 weeks, 3 sessions/week, 50 min/session | BW BMI BFP |
5 |
| HPG: n = 12, 47.2 ± 6.4 years | (c) HPG: hypoxic Pilates exercise, not included in meta-analysis | ||||||
| Gorji et al. (2014), Iran | RCT | Sedentary overweight women aged between 35 and 45 years (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), n = 30 | IG: n = 15, 39.60 ± 4.7 years CG: n = 15, 40.62 ± 3.05 years |
(a) IG: Pilates exercise (b) CG: without intervention |
8 weeks, 3 sessions/week, 60 min/session | BW BMI BFP |
6 |
| Khajehlandi et al. (2018), Iran | RCT | Overweight inactive women aged between 25 and 35 years, BMI (25–29 kg/m2), n = 28 | IG: n = 14, 30.1 ± 4.0 years CG: n = 14, 29.6 ± 3.6 years |
(a) IG: Pilates exercise (b) CG: normal lifestyle |
12 weeks, 3 sessions/week, 60 min/session | BW BMI |
6 |
| Chaudhary (2016), India | RCT | Overweight male people aged between 30 and 45 years, n = 30 | IG: n = 15 CG: n = 15 |
(a) IG: Pilates exercise (b) CG: without intervention |
10 weeks, 5–6 sessions/week, 30–40 min/session | BFP | 6 |
| Tyagi and Kumar (2020), India | RCT | Obese male people aged between 20 and 45 years, n = 60 | IG: n = 30 CG: n = 30 |
(a) IG: Pilates exercise (b) CG: without intervention |
24 weeks | BW BMI BFP |
6 |
| Khormizi and Azarniveh (2017), Iran | RCT | Obese women with type 2 diabetes aged between 40 and 60 years (BMI > 30 kg/m2), n = 30, (51.9 ± 5.9) years | IG: n = 15, 51.06 ± 2.3 years CG: n = 15, 51.2 ± 3.7 years |
(a) IG: Pilates exercise (b) CG: without intervention |
8 weeks, 3 sessions/week, 60 min/session | BW BMI |
7 |
| Chen J. et al. (2020), China | RCT | Obese female college students (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), n = 39 | IG: n = 20 CG: n = 19 |
(a) IG: Pilates exercise (b) CG: normal lifestyle |
16 weeks, 3 sessions/week, 60 min/session | BW BMI BFP |
5 |
RCT, randomized controlled trials; SD, standard deviation; IG, intervention group; CG, control group; SG, supplement group; SPG, supplement plus Pilates group; HPG, hypoxic Pilates group; BW, body weight; BMI, body mass index; BFP, body fat percentage; LBM, lean body mass; WC, waist circumference.