Supplementary Table 1.
Summary of studies evaluating the use of electromotive drug administration in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
| Study | Treatment regime | Comparator group | Study end points | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gurpinar 1996 | EMDA lidocaine 15 mA 1.5% and 1:100,000 epinephrine in solution for 40 min, then hydraulic dilation of bladder to maximum tolerance | N/A | Voiding specific quality of life, total voiding symptoms | Decreased voiding symptoms, suprapubic and perineal pain. Durable results in 4/6 |
| Gulpinar 2014 | EMDA hyaluronic acid 60 mA (40 mg in 40 ml saline) for 25 min | Passive hyaluronic acid 40 mg intravesical, retained in bladder for 60 min | VAS score, micturition frequency in 24 h | Significantly decreased VAS score and micturition frequency/24 h with EMDA at 6, 12 months. But no significant difference at months 1 and 24 |
| Riedl 1997 | EMDA lidocaine and dexamethasone followed by hydrodistension of bladder | N/A | Bladder symptoms | Complete resolution of symptoms for an average of 7.5 months in 65%, partial improvement in 23.5% |
| Riedl 1998a | EMDA 15-23 mA lidocaine/mepivacaine 2-2.6/1%-2%, 0.5-0.75 mg epinephrine, 16-20 mg dexamethasone for 20 min. Then hydrodistension to 150%-200% cystometric capacity maintained for 5 min | N/A | Questionnaire: Improvement of symptoms and QOL Bladder capacity | Improvement of bladder symptoms lasting mean 6.6 months in 60%. 12% partial response, 28% no improvement |
| Riedl 1998b | EMDA lidocaine and dexamethasone followed by cystodistension | N/A | Bladder symptoms, bladder capacity | 62% had complete resolution of bladder symptoms lasting an average 4.5 months. 3/13 had partial/short-term improvement of bladder symptoms, 2/13 had aggravation of pain for several days after therapy |
| Rosamilia 1997 | EMDA 30 mA 2% NaCl-free lidocaine hydrochloride, adrenaline 1.5 mg, dexamethasone 16 mg in 150 ml sterile water for 20-30 min followed by cystodistension | N/A | Bladder symptoms | 85% had reduction in frequency and in pain score by at least 3 at 2 weeks. 63% were still responding at 2 months. Pain score of 0 in 25% of patients at 6 months. Significant reduction in urinary frequency at 2 months but not at 6 months |
VAS: Visual analogue scale, EMDA: Electromotive drug administration, N/A: Not available, QOL: Quality of life