Fig. 5. Cytokine expression of CD4+ T cells after treatment with 6-formyl indolo [3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ). Cytokine levels were assessed in the supernatants at day seven of culture. (A) In FICZ(–) group, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-22 were higher in patients with psoriasis (PS) than in healthy controls (HC), while the levels of IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-22 were higher in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) than in HC. (B) In FICZ(+) group, the level of IL-17 was significantly higher in patients with PS than in those with AD and HC. (C) After FICZ treatment, the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-22 decreased in HC, and those of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 significantly decreased as compared to those in the control group. In patients with PS, the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-22 decreased and a statistically significant difference was observed except for TNF-α level. In patients with AD, the levels of IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-22 decreased and a statistically significant difference was reported for all except IL-4 and IL-13 levels. ^*Statistically significant (p<0.05).