Fig. 3. Variation of biophysical parameters according to geographical region. (A, C) Skin surface temperature of the cheek and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were lowest in Suwon compared to the 3 cities in China. (B) Hydration level was higher in warm cities (Guangzhou and Nanjing) than cold cities (Shijiazhuang and Suwon); in each city group, Nanjing and Suwon, cities which are more humid, demonstrated much higher hydration level. (D) Sebum excretion was higher in warm cities than cold cities. (E, F) Skin elasticity and pore size were not significantly different among the 4 cities. (G, H) The severity of wrinkle was the mildest and skin tone brightest in Suwon compared to the 3 cities in China. ^**p<0.01, ^***p<0.001. Error bar indicates a 95% confidence interval.