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. 2021 Mar 25;9:54. doi: 10.1186/s40478-021-01156-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Myeloid cell lineage and morphology in healthy brain and glioblastoma. Microglia arise from yolk sac progenitors in the embryonic stage and reside permanently in the brain parenchyma. They appear as highly-ramified cells, but they rapidly change their morphology into an amoeboid-like shape in glioblastoma. Monocytes originate from the bone marrow and circulate in the blood, until they invade the brain when a glioblastoma emerges and differentiate into macrophages. They are round shaped while in circulation and upon infiltration into glioblastoma, making them morphologically indistinguishable from microglia. Images are taken from the murine glioblastoma model generated by using RCAS/tv-a, a somatic cell type-specific technology [41]. Reciprocal bone-marrow chimeras generated by using Cx3cr1-GFP mice allowed generation of only GFP-labeled bone marrow-derived macrophages or GFP-labeled microglia for imaging. Blood vessels are visualized with TRICT-dextran. Scale bars, 30 and 50 µm [41]