Table 2.

The statistically significant (and close to significant) differences observed between the drug combinations in their effect on molecular markers

Marker	Saline vs Sham (t-test)	Saline vs NI vs Flxc vs Flxc + NI
		Significant interaction?	Simple effect analysis following significant interaction:		If interaction non-significant:		Pairwise t-test with Bonferroni adjustment
			Saline vs NI	Flxc vs Flxc + NI	Significant main effect for Flxc?	Significant main effect for NI?
nNOS	–	Yes; F(1,12) = 7.6, p = .0174, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .23	Saline: mean = 1, SD = .11 / NI: mean = .97, SD = .13; d = .21, p = .78	Flxc: mean = .75, SD = .24 / Flxc + NI: mean = 1.32, SD = .34; d = 1.96, p = .004	–	–	*Flxc + NI significantly different from Flxc (p = .02)
ERK1	–	–	–	–	–	Close; F(1,12) = 4.3, p = .0602, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .2	–
pERK1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
pERK1/ERK1	Close, p = .123, d = 1.41	Yes; F(1,12) = 12.48, p = .0041, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .42	Saline: mean = 1, SD = .36 / NI: mean = .98, SD = .17; d = .06, p = .94	Flxc: mean = .85, SD = .1 / Flxc + NI: mean = 1.6, SD = .18; d = 5.1, p = .0004	–	–	*Flxc + NI significantly different from Saline (p = .013), NI (p = .011), and Flxc (p = .002)
ERK2	Yes; p = .043, d = 2.01	–	–	–	Yes; F(1,12) = 13.83, p = .0029, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .42	–	Flxc + NI significantly different from NI (p = .02) and Saline (p = .02)
pERK2	Yes; p = .017, d = 2.63	–	–	–	Close; F(1,12) = 4.65, p = .052, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .14	Yes; F(1,12) = 6.93, p = .0219, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .23	Flxc + NI significantly different from Saline (p = 0.03)
pERK2/ERK2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
ERK1/2	–	–	–	–	Close; F(1,12) = 4.28, p = .0608, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .17	–	–
pERK1/2/ERK1/2	–	Yes; F(1,12) = 8.77, p = .0119, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .2	Saline: mean = 1, SD = .1 / NI: mean = 1.06, SD = .17; d = .48, p = .7	Flxc: mean = .9, SD = .38 / Flxc + NI: mean = 1.61, SD = .1; d = 2.51, p = .0006	–	–	*Flxc + NI significantly different from Saline (p = .011), NI (p = .023), and Flxc (p = .004)
ELK1	–	–	–	–	–	Yes; F(1,12) = 8.2, p = .0143, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .3	Difference between Flxc and NI close to significant (p = .05)
pELK1	Yes; p = .028, d = 2.03	Yes; F(1,12) = 10.87, p = .0006, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .15	Saline: mean = 1, SD = .45 / NI: mean = 1.34, SD = .62; d = .62, p = .27	Flxc: mean = 1.19, SD = .19 / Flxc + NI: mean = 2.88, SD = .24; d = 7.92, p < .0001	–	–	*Flxc + NI significantly different from Saline (p < .001), NI (p = .001), and Flxc (p < .001)
pELK1/ELK1	Close; p = .095, d = 1.40	Yes; F(1,12) = 6.55, p = .025, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .11	Saline: mean = 1, SD = .4 / NI: mean = .97, SD = .48; d = .83, p = .11	Flxc: mean = 1.05, SD = .49 / Flxc + NI: mean = 2.55, SD = .13; d = 4.22, p = .0024	–	–	*Flxc + NI significantly different from Saline (p < .001), NI (p < .001), and Flxc (p = .01)
CREB	–	Yes; F(1,12) = 5.36, p = .0392, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .09	Saline: mean = 1, SD = .37 / NI: mean = 1.22, SD = .17; d = .87, p = .45	Flxc: mean = 1.22, SD = .49 / Flxc + NI: mean = 2.35, SD = .48; d = 2.31, p = .0016	–	–	*Flxc + NI significantly different from Saline (p = .002), NI (p = .009), and Flxc (p = .01)
pCREB	Yes; p = .012, d = 2.91	Yes; F(1,12) = 5.81, p = .0328, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .12	Saline: mean = 1, SD = .25 / NI: mean = 1.12, SD = .25; d = .87, p = .508	Flxc: mean = 1.07, SD = .26 / Flxc + NI: mean = 1.92, SD = .38; d = 2.31, p = .0015	–	–	*Flxc + NI significantly different from Saline (p = .005), NI (p = .016), and Flxc (p = .009)
pCREB/CREB	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
BDNF	–	Yes; F(1,12) = 13.15, p = .0035, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .14	Saline: mean = 1, SD = .6 / NI: mean = 1.35, SD = .57; d = .55, p = .809	Flxc: mean = .92, SD = .46 / Flxc + NI: mean = 2.47, SD = .27; d = 4.06, p = .0002	–	–	*Flxc + NI significantly different from Saline (p = .008), NI (p = .013), and Flxc (p = .001)
cFOS	–	Yes; F(1,12) = 37.04, p < .0001, ${\omega }_{}^2$ = .3	Saline: mean = 1, SD = 0 / NI: mean = .95, SD = .17; d = .87, p = .69	Flxc: mean = 1.02, SD = .22 / Flxc + NI: mean = 1.97, SD = .15; d = 2.31, p < .0001	–	–	*Flxc + NI significantly different from Saline (p < .001), NI (p < .001), and Flxc (p < .001)

*While performing pairwise post hoc comparisons in the presence of a significant interaction is not strictly correct from a statistical perspective, we have used such tests to give us a better understanding of the changes from the Saline group to the Flxc + NI group