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. 2021 Mar 25;19:83. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00830-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — CCR9 expression and secretion profile of immune cell subsets after stimulation with CCL25. PBMCs, unpolarized (M0) and polarized macrophages (M1) were stained with a CCR9-specific antibody and analyzed by flow cytometry. PBMCs and macrophages were stimulated with different dosages of CCL25 or left unstimulated as a negative control. A LEGENDplex cytokine array was performed using the culture supernatants after day 1, day 3 and day 5. a The expression of the CCL25-receptor CCR9 on different immune cell subsets is shown as mean of the percentage of marker positive cells + SD (n = 1–4). b Shown are the cytokine/chemokine release data for M0 and M1 macrophages after one-day stimulation with 10, 100 and 750 nM CCL25 as the mean fold change + SD compared to the negative control (red dotted line) (n = 4). c The cytokine/chemokine release data for PBMCs stimulated with 10, 100 and 750 nM CCL25 over three days are displayed as the mean fold change + SD normalized to the negative control (red dotted line) (n = 3). Significance was analyzed using either a student’s T-test or the Mann–Whitney-U test depending on whether data followed normal distribution. Individual p-values are given above the bars if lower than p = 0.20. PBMCs:peripheral blood mononuclear cells, ΜΦ Macrophages