FIG. 1.

Appendiceal tumor organoid fabrication and characterization. a Tumor specimen is dissociated and biofabricated into organoids using ECM-based hyaluronic acid and collagen hydrogels. Optionally, organoids can be integrated with microfluidic devices, thus forming “tumor-on-a-chip” devices that can be linked to other organoids or can be employed for staged drug infusions. The methodology described herein results in (b) high-grade appendiceal tumor organoids and c low-grade appendiceal tumor organoids. Green—calcein AM-stained viable cells; Red—ethidium homodimer-stained dead cells. d H&E staining and e IHC staining of MUC2 and CK20 in HGA organoids. f H&E staining and g IHC staining of MUC2 and CK20 in LGA organoids. h IHC staining of CD44 in a group of aggregated cells in an HGA organoid. Scale bar—50 μm