Table 1.

Demographic characteristics

	LA group (n=22)	LAD group (n=23)	P
Age (years)*	5.0 (8-3.25)	7.0 (8-4.5)	0.330
Weight (kg)†	19.2±5.8	22.1±6.1	0.112
Gender (M: F) number (%)‡	16:6 (73:27)	13:10 (56:44)	0.256
Duration of anaesthesia (min)†	167.8±60.4	169.4±54.7	0.925
Duration of surgery (min)†	130.7±57.5	128.8±52.3	0.906
Laparoscopic surgical procedures‡
Appendicectomy	2 (40)	3 (60)	0.817
Cholecystectomy	5 (42)	7 (58)
Choledochal cyst removal	5 (45)	6 (55)
Nephrectomy	6 (75)	2 (25)
Pyeloplasty	1 (50)	1 (50)
Splenectomy	1 (33)	2 (67)
Others	2 (50)	2 (50)

*Values expressed as median (IQR) and analysed using Mann-Whitney U test; ^†Values expressed as mean±SD and analysed using unpaired t test; ^‡Values expressed as number (%) and analysed using Chi-square test. Group LA: Total 0.5 ml/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine, Group LAD: Total 0.5 ml/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine with 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine