Table 3.
Characteristics of women with past 12 month and lifetime psychological intimate partner abuse in pooled database from two cross-sectional studies in New Zealand
| Abuse type | Last 12 month psychological abuse | Lifetime psychological abuse | ||||||
| Year | 2003 | 2019 | *Univariate model OR (95% CI) |
†Multivariate model AOR (95% CI) |
2003 | 2019 | *Univariate model OR (95% CI) |
†Multivariate model AOR (95% CI) |
| Act of abuse | Two/more n (%) |
Two/more n (%) |
Two/more n (%) |
Two/more n (%) |
||||
| Year (ref=2003) | 207 (8.4) | 45 (4.7) | 0.54 (0.37 to 0.77) | 0.57 (0.40 to 0.82) | 922 (34.3) | 327 (33.2) | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.13) | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.16) |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 18–<30 | 50 (14.1) | 7 (6.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 134 (33.0) | 32 (23.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 30–<45 | 104 (8.8) | 19 (6.1) | 0.68 (0.45 to 0.93) | 0.79 (0.54 to 1.16) | 435 (35.8) | 107 (33.1) | 1.23 (0.98 to 1.55) | 1.97 (1.52 to 2.56) |
| 45–<55 | 34 (5.8) | 12 (4.2) | 0.40 (0.26 to 0.62) | 0.55 (0.34 to 0.86) | 223 (34.5) | 97 (35.5) | 1.21 (0.93 to 1.56) | 2.10 (1.58 to 2.80) |
| ≥55 | 19 (4.8) | 7 (2.6) | 0.30 (0.18 to 0.49) | 0.44 (0.25 to 0.75) | 130 (31.6) | 91 (36.8) | 1.14 (0.88 to 1.47) | 2.05 (1.54 to 2.73) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Primary/secondary | 131 (9.5) | 10 (3.7) | 1.00 | – | 540 (35.9) | 113 (33.8) | 1.00 | – |
| Tertiary | 76 (7.2) | 35 (5.3) | 0.76 (0.57 to 1.01) | – | 380 (32.5) | 212 (32.8) | 0.88 (0.75 to 1.02) | |
| Relationship status | ||||||||
| Married | 87 (5.6) | 24 (3.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 392 (23.1) | 157 (24.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Cohabiting | 66 (12.7) | 12 (6.0) | 2.28 (1.64 to 3.18) | 1.80 (1.26 to 2.58) | 287 (49.2) | 88 (42.3) | 2.91 (2.42 to 3.50) | 3.74 (3.06 to 4.57) |
| Divorced/separated/broken up | 54 (15.2) | 8 (6.8) | 2.79 (1.97 to 3.95) | 2.52 (1.79 to 3.54) | 223 (60.2) | 74 (61.5) | 4.96 (3.95 to 6.22) | 5.10 (4.04 to 6.43) |
| Widowed/partner died | 0 | 1 (2.9) | 0.19 (0.02 to 1.38) | 0.23 (0.03 to 1.70) | 19 (30.8) | 8 (26.5) | 1.34 (0.82 to 2.19) | 1.27 (0.77 to 2.08) |
| Independent income | ||||||||
| Yes | 163 (8.2) | 33 (4.6) | 0.98 (0.64 to 1.28) | – | 773 (36.0) | 248 (34.7) | 1.41 (1.17 to 1.70) | 1.20 (0.98 to 1.47) |
| No | 44 (9.3) | 12 (5.1) | 1.00 | 148 (27.7) | 79 (29.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Deprivation level | ||||||||
| Least deprived | 51 (6.4) | 9 (3.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 281 (31.6) | 80 (29.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderately deprived | 83 (8.3) | 22 (5.8) | 1.37 (0.97 to 1.94) | 1.28 (0.91 to 1.81) | 367 (34.6) | 141 (36.5) | 1.20 (1.01 to 1.43) | 1.10 (0.91 to 1.32) |
| Most deprived | 73 (11.3) | 14 (4.6) | 1.68 (1.16 to 2.44) | 1.45 (1.02 to 2.08) | 271 (37.5) | 106 (32.6) | 1.25 (1.02 to 1.53) | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.31) |
| Having family support | ||||||||
| Yes | 187 (8.4) | 41 (4.7) | 1.01 (0.63 to 1.61) | – | 811 (33.8) | 285 (31.7) | 0.72 (0.56 to 0.92) | 0.73 (0.56 to 1.47) |
| No | 20 (8.6) | 3 (3.3) | 1.00 | – | 109 (39.5) | 36 (46.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
*ORs from logistic regression are calculated from the pooled database.
†Model II ORs are adjusted for age, relationship status, deprivation status and the year of the study for past 12-month psychological abuse while independent income and family support were additionally controlled for lifetime psychological abuse.
AOR, adjusted OR.