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. 2021 Mar 23;11(3):e043926. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043926

Table 3.

Outcome measures of the melanoma diagnostic educational programmes for general practitioners

(A) Studies with short-term outcomes
Studies Measured competence in training setting Measured performance in clinical setting Timing after the training
(First author and year of publication) DA Knowledge AM B/M ratio TBSE DA Confidence Decrease in VTM incidence RR Immediately At 1 month At 3 months
Dermoscopic diagnostic training programmes
Sawyers (2020)48 + X
Seiverling (2019)47 + X
Secker (2017)45 + + X
Rogers (2016)44 + X
Bourne (2012)40 + X
Dolianitis (2005)35 + X
Westerhoff (2000)24 + + X
Clinical diagnostic training programmes
Beecher (2018)46 + + + X X
Carli (2005)34 + + X
Mikkilineni (2001, 2002)42 43 + + + + X
Brochez (2001)33 + X
Harris (2001)32 + + + + X
Harris (1999)30 + – + + X
Raasch (2000)23 – + 3-month period
Bedlow (2000)31 + + X
Gerbert (1998, 2002)22 25 + + + + X
Dolan (1997)21 – + – X X
Girgis (1995)52 – + + X X
(B) Studies with long-term outcomes
Studies Measured competence in training setting Measured performance in clinical setting Timing after the training
DA Knowledge AM B/M ratio TBSE DA Confidence Decrease in VTM incidence RR
Dermoscopic diagnostic training programmes
Shariff (2010)39 – At 11 months
Youl (2007)49 + + 6-month period
Argenziano (2006)9 + + 16 -month period
Clinical diagnostic training programmes
Gulati (2015)51 – + 8-month period
Peuvrel (2009)36 + + 15-month period
de Gannes (2004)27 – – – At 6 months
English (2003)26 – 21-month period
Del Mar (1995)20 + 24-month period
(C) Studies with short-term and long-term outcomes
Studies Measured competence in training setting Timing after the training Measured performance in clinical setting Timing after the training
DA Knowledge AM Immediately after At 1–3 months B/M ratio TBSE DA Confidence Decrease in VTM incidence RR
Dermoscopic diagnostic training programmes
Augustsson (2019)54 + X At 6 months (here competence measure)
Badertscher (2015)29 + X – + At 12 months
Koelink (2014)10 + + X + + At 8 months At 12 months At 19 months
Eide (2013)41 + + + X + + + At 6 months
Youl (2007)49 + + 6-month period
Raasch (2000)23 – 3-month period
Grimaldi (2009)38 + X X + 6-month period
Menzies (2009)37 + + X + + 6-month period
Clinical diagnostic training programmes
Marra (2020)53 + X + + + At 10 months
Grange (2013)50 + + X + 3-year period
Markova (2013)28 – At 12 months
Mikkilineni (2001, 2002)42 43 + + X

To note that Menzies et al37 and Carli et al34 provided only descriptive statistics of their study results. For the other studies, a p value <0.05 was considered significant, except for Peuvrel et al36 (p<0.001).

+=significant improvement; –=no significant improvement.

AM, appropriate management; B/M, benign/malignant; DA, diagnostic accuracy; RR, decrease in dermatologist referral rates for benign lesions and increase in referral rates for malignant lesions; TBSE, total-body skin examination; VTM, very thick melanomas.