Table 5.
Factors associated with increased liver fibrosis in multivariable logistic regression analysis
| Variables | Significant fibrosis (2.9 kPa) | Advanced fibrosis (3.6 kPa) | ||||||
| Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 1* | Model 2† | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, per 10 years | 1.33 (1.25 to 1.43) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.18 to 1.51) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.42 to 1.81) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.09 to 1.79) | 0.009 |
| Sex, male | 2.09 (1.67 to 2.61) | <0.001 | 3.18 (1.97 to 5.13) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.18 to 2.62) | 0.006 | 1.30 (0.57 to 2.98) | 0.540 |
| Current or former smoking | 1.32 (1.09 to 1.61) | 0.005 | 0.77 (0.58 to 1.00) | 0.054 | 1.44 (0.99 to 2.09) | 0.055 | 0.97 (0.55 to 1.72) | 0.913 |
| Excessive alcohol consumption | 1.02 (0.84 to 1.24) | 0.867 | 1.11 (0.87 to 1.43) | 0.409 | 0.90 (0.63 to 1.30) | 0.587 | 1.23 (0.75 to 2.02) | 0.408 |
| Obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) | 2.11 (1.8 to 2.47) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.35 to 2.32) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.33 to 2.36) | <0.001 | 1.25 (0.72 to 2.15) | 0.427 |
| Hypertension | 1.59 (1.32 to 1.9) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.62 to 1.11) | 0.217 | 1.98 (1.45 to 2.71) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.34 to 1.05) | 0.075 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 1.19 (1.01 to 1.4) | 0.035 | 0.81 (0.62 to 1.05) | 0.112 | 1.00 (0.74 to 1.36) | 0.987 | 0.83 (0.49 to 1.39) | 0.471 |
| Diabetes | 3.07 (2.56 to 3.68) | <0.001 | 2.43 (1.8 to 3.28) | <0.001 | 5.97 (4.47 to 7.97) | <0.001 | 4.37 (2.56 to 7.45) | <0.001 |
| Fatty liver | 1.39 (1.2 to 1.61) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.65 to 1.09) | 0.184 | 1.12 (0.85 to 1.48) | 0.411 | 0.66 (0.4 to 1.08) | 0.098 |
| Abnormal LFT‡ | 2.95 (2.54 to 3.44) | <0.001 | 1.9 (1.49 to 2.42) | <0.001 | 7.87 (5.66 to 10.94) | <0.001 | 5.30 (3.15 to 8.93) | <0.001 |
| HBsAg positivity | 3.23 (2.56 to 4.07) | <0.001 | 3.49 (2.55 to 4.79) | <0.001 | 5.49 (3.79 to 7.97) | <0.001 | 7.27 (4.32 to 12.25) | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 2.15 (1.83 to 2.53) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.05 to 1.87) | 0.024 | 2.10 (1.57 to 2.82) | <0.001 | 1.51 (0.85 to 2.68) | 0.162 |
*Model 1: univariate logistic regression.
†Model 2: multivariable logistic regression.
‡Abnormal LFT, AST >33 U/L and/or ALT >38 U/L, dyslipidaemia, TG >199 mg/dL or HDL cholesterol ≤32 mg/dL or LDL cholesterol >159 mg/dL.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LFT, liver function test; TG, triglycerides.