Table 1.
Study design and participant characteristics
| Authors, year | Study design | Type and stage of cancer | Group | Sample (n) | Age (year) | Gender (M:F) | BMI (kg/m2) | Neoadjuvant treatment (n%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christensen et al., 2019 [26] | Non-randomized controlled trial | Gastroesophageal junction, I–III |
IG UC |
21 29 |
63.9 ± 8.2 65.5 ± 7.3 |
18:3 27:2 |
28.4 ± 5.6 27.8 ± 5.5 |
CT: 90%, CRT: 10% CT: 85%, CRT: 15% |
| Dettling et al., 2013 [17] | Pilot, non-randomized controlled study | Esophageal, NR |
IG UC |
44 39 |
65.1 ± 7.5 66.5 ± 9.6 |
33:11 29:10 |
24.9 ± 2.9 25.9 ± 2.9 |
CRT: 71% CRT: 44% |
| Inoue et al., 2013 [22] | Retrospective study | Esophageal, 0-IV |
IG UC |
63 37 |
67.4 ± 9.0 65.0 ± 7.8 |
53:10 34:3 |
20.7 ± 2.9 21.1 ± 2.7 |
CT: 68% CT: 43% |
| Valkenet et al., 2018 [23] | RCT | Esophageal, 0-IV |
IG UC |
120 121 |
63.7 ± 7.5 62.7 ± 8.9 |
89:31 97:24 |
26.7 ± 4.8 26.5 ± 5.2 |
CT: 8%, CRT: 78% CT: 10%, CRT: 78% |
| van Adrichem et al., 2014 [24] | Pilot, RCT | Esophageal, NR |
IMT-HI IMT-E |
20 19 |
62.7 ± 7.1 61.3 ± 7.3 |
15:5 14:5 |
23.9 (22.8–28.7) 25.7 (22.6–28.1) |
CRT: 90% CRT: 95% |
| Yamana et al., 2015 [18] | RCT | Esophageal, 0-IV |
IG UC |
30 30 |
68.3 ± 7.6 65.9 ± 9.5 |
24:6 23:7 |
21.8 ± 2.7 20.9 ± 2.5 |
CT: 43%, RT: 10% CT: 50%, RT: 17% |
| Cho et al., 2014 [25] | Prospective matching study | Gastric, I-III |
IG UC |
18 54 |
63.1 (51–76) 66.1 (39–81) |
18:0 51:3 |
26.7 (23.1–31.2) 25.6 (20.8–34.1) |
None None |
Age and BMI values are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR). BMI body mass index, CRT chemoradiotherapy, CT chemotherapy, F female, IG intervention group, IMT-HI/−E inspiratory muscle training-high intensity/endurance group, M male, NR not reported, RCT randomized controlled trial, RT radiotherapy, UC usual care control group