Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of participants
| LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio | Q1 (≥0.2, ≤1.1) | Q2 (> 1.1, ≤1.3) | Q3 (> 1.3, ≤1.5) | Q4 (> 1.5, ≤1.8) | Q5 (> 1.8, ≤3.0) | P-value | P-trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 1953 | 1952 | 1955 | 1952 | 1955 | ||
| Age, years | 38.00 (31.00–50.00) | 39.50 (31.00–50.00) | 38.00 (31.00–51.00) | 40.00 (32.00–51.00) | 40.00 (31.00–50.00) | 0.443 | 0.214 |
| Gender | 0.003 | 0.0004 | |||||
| Female (%) | 978 (50.08%) | 993 (50.87%) | 950 (48.59%) | 945 (48.41%) | 879 (44.96%) | ||
| Male (%) | 975 (49.92%) | 959 (49.13%) | 1005 (51.41%) | 1007 (51.59%) | 1076 (55.04%) | ||
| NAFLD (%) | 58 (2.97%) | 113 (5.79%) | 145 (7.42%) | 188 (9.63%) | 337 (17.24%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 20.27 (18.95–21.72) | 20.61 (19.26–22.19) | 20.91 (19.47–22.37) | 21.30 (19.84–22.83) | 21.96 (20.44–23.38) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 53.95 (7.35) | 55.22 (7.77) | 56.61 (8.12) | 57.93 (8.33) | 60.38 (8.34) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Height, m | 1.63 (0.07) | 1.63 (0.07) | 1.64 (0.08) | 1.65 (0.08) | 1.66 (0.08) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ALP, U/L | 62.00 (52.00–76.00) | 65.00 (54.00–79.00) | 66.00 (56.00–81.00) | 69.00 (57.00–81.00) | 72.00 (59.00–86.00) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| GGT, U/L | 18.00 (14.00–24.00) | 18.00 (15.00–24.00) | 19.00 (15.00–26.00) | 20.00 (16.00–27.00) | 22.00 (17.00–30.00) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 14.00 (11.00–20.00) | 14.00 (11.00–19.00) | 15.00 (11.00–21.00) | 16.00 (12.00–21.00) | 17.00 (13.00–24.00) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 20.00 (17.50–24.00) | 20.00 (18.00–24.00) | 20.00 (18.00–24.00) | 21.00 (18.00–24.00) | 21.00 (18.00–25.00) | < 0.001 | 0.942 |
| TP, g/L | 73.48 (4.21) | 73.46 (4.06) | 73.70 (4.14) | 73.90 (3.96) | 74.15 (4.07) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ALB, g/L | 44.25 (2.87) | 44.34 (2.75) | 44.29 (2.69) | 44.31 (2.61) | 44.28 (2.77) | 0.879 | 0.883 |
| GLB, g/L | 29.24 (3.99) | 29.12 (3.78) | 29.41 (3.83) | 29.59 (3.75) | 29.87 (3.93) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| TB, μmol/l | 11.30 (8.80–14.60) | 11.10 (8.70–14.10) | 11.20 (8.80–14.30) | 11.30 (8.93–14.50) | 11.50 (9.00–14.50) | 0.422 | 0.579 |
| DBIL, μmol/l | 2.20 (1.70–2.90) | 2.10 (1.60–2.80) | 2.10 (1.50–2.80) | 2.10 (1.50–2.80) | 2.10 (1.50–2.90) | 0.004 | 0.960 |
| SBP, mmHg | 115.52 (15.69) | 116.69 (15.68) | 118.11 (16.43) | 118.79 (16.25) | 121.19 (15.82) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 68.00 (62.00–75.00) | 69.00 (63.00–76.00) | 70.00 (64.00–78.00) | 71.00 (64.00–79.00) | 72.00 (66.00–80.00) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BUN, mmol/l | 4.20 (3.48–5.10) | 4.20 (3.50–5.10) | 4.30 (3.51–5.10) | 4.40 (3.60–5.26) | 4.40 (3.70–5.30) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| CR, μmol/l | 73.86 (22.90) | 74.98 (26.15) | 77.47 (29.89) | 78.37 (23.72) | 80.46 (22.96) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| UA, mmol/l | 241.46 (77.19) | 251.44 (75.83) | 261.97 (79.06) | 275.10 (79.84) | 288.05 (78.70) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/l | 4.90 (4.65–5.20) | 4.93 (4.68–5.21) | 4.98 (4.74–5.29) | 4.99 (4.73–5.29) | 5.06 (4.79–5.35) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| TC, mmol/l | 4.04 (3.64–4.45) | 4.31 (3.89–4.68) | 4.38 (3.99–4.73) | 4.46 (4.10–4.80) | 4.69 (4.38–4.94) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| TG, mmol/l | 0.76 (0.63–0.96) | 0.85 (0.69–1.05) | 0.93 (0.74–1.15) | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) | 1.14 (0.92–1.37) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.84 (1.66–2.02) | 1.66 (1.49–1.80) | 1.51 (1.36–1.63) | 1.36 (1.25–1.49) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.63 (0.32) | 1.97 (0.27) | 2.13 (0.27) | 2.29 (0.27) | 2.55 (0.26) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Values are n(%) or mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range)
Abbreviations: NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, BMI body mass index, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Cr creatinine, UA uric acid, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, ALP Alkaline phosphatase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, TP Total Protein, ALB albumin, GLB globulin, TB Total bilirubin, DBIL Direct bilirubin, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure