Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and demographics
| SITA group (n=22) | CONT group (n=25) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men/women | 13/9 | 15/10 | .985 |
| Age (years) | 48.2 ± 11.5 | 48.2 ± 12.3 | .985 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 2.3 ± 1.8 | .310 |
| Daily insulin does (U) | 10.9 ± 10.6 | 13.4 ± 9.3 | .384 |
| Insulin dose (U/kg/day) | 0.18 ± 0.17 | 0.22 ± 0.15 | .511 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 2.8 | 23.8 ± 2.6 | .433 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81.8 ± 10.3 | 84.1 ± 6.8 | .361 |
| Waist circumference in men (cm) | 84.0 ± 12.0 | 85.5 ± 6.8 | .682 |
| Waist circumference in women (cm) | 78.6 ± 6.6 | 82.1 ± 6.6 | .273 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 94.6 ± 5.7 | 95.9 ± 5.2 | .424 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | .435 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio in men | 0.87 ± 0.08 | 0.88 ± 0.07 | .667 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio in women | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.87 ± 0.05 | .468 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120 ± 12 | 119 ± 17 | .697 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 10 | 75 ± 12 | .915 |
| GADA titer (U/mL) | 469.5 ± 374.9 | 435.8 ± 399.8 | .768 |
| High-titer GADA (%) | 63.6 | 56.0 | .595 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 6.8 ± 1.3a | 6.1 ± 1.0 | .024 |
| 2hBG (mmol/L) | 12.5 ± 3.8 | 12.3 ± 4.2 | .863 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 0.8 | .907 |
| FCP (nmol/L) | 0.45 ± 0.17 | 0.43 ± 0.19 | .796b |
| 2hCP (nmol/L) | 1.60 ± 0.62 | 1.65 ± 0.70 | .991b |
| △CP (nmol/L) | 1.15 ± 0.55 | 1.22 ± 0.62 | .926b |
| HOMA2-B (%) | 55.0 ± 22.7 | 68.4 ± 36.0 | .139 |
| HOMA2-IR | 1.10 ± 0.42 | 1.00 ± 0.45 | .425 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.38 ± 0.82 | 1.34 ± 0.84 | .848 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.79 ± 0.74 | 4.57 ± 0.75 | .324 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.28 ± 0.27 | 1.39 ± 0.31 | .227 |
| HDL cholesterol in men (mmol/L) | 1.19 ± 0.26 | 1.32 ± 0.35 | .280 |
| HDL cholesterol in women (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.24 | 1.49 ± 0.21 | .500 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.00 ± 0.71a | 2.54 ± 0.74 | .036 |
Data are shown as mean ± SD, frequency, and percentage.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody; FBG, fasting blood glucose; 2hBG, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; FCP, fasting C-peptide; 2hCP, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide; △CP, 2hCP – FCP; HOMA2-B, updated homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; HOMA2-IR, updated homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
a P < .05 vs CONT group (Student t-test for variables with normal distribution and chi-squared test for categorical variables).
b Adjustment for FBG and LDL cholesterol (covariance analysis).