Table 2. Percentage of adolescent girls who reported high depressive symptoms by gender-based violence and other background characteristics, according to their marital status.
| Background Characteristics | Unmarried | Married | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High depressive symptoms | p-value | High depressive symptoms | p-value | |
| Witnessed father ever beating mother | *** | |||
| No | 4.6 | |||
| Yes | 8.9 | |||
| Experienced physical violence by a parent | *** | |||
| No | 4.6 | |||
| Yes | 8.4 | |||
| Experienced Sexual Violence | *** | |||
| No | 4.8 | |||
| Yes | 11.1 | |||
| Experienced Emotional Violence | *** | |||
| No | 5.7 | |||
| Yes | 13.4 | |||
| Experienced Physical Violence | *** | |||
| No | 6.2 | |||
| Yes | 13.5 | |||
| Experienced Sexual Violence | *** | |||
| No | 6.9 | |||
| Yes | 10.7 | |||
| Justification over wife-beating | * | |||
| Justified | 5.5 | 6.2 | ||
| Not justified | 4.8 | 8.5 | ||
| Experienced mobile phone/internet-based harassment | *** | ** | ||
| No | 4.7 | 7.5 | ||
| Yes | 10.2 | 12.6 | ||
| Perpetrated bullying | *** | ** | ||
| No | 4.3 | 7.7 | ||
| Yes | 8.3 | 14.8 | ||
| Age groups (In years) | *** | |||
| 15–17 | 4.3 | 7.9 | ||
| 18–19 | 6.6 | 7.9 | ||
| Education level (In years) | * | |||
| No education | 6.7 | 7.8 | ||
| 1–7 | 4.0 | 7.3 | ||
| 8–9 | 5.7 | 9.3 | ||
| 10 & above | 4.4 | 7.1 | ||
| Place of residence | * | |||
| Urban | 6 | 8.8 | ||
| Rural | 4.7 | 7.7 | ||
| Caste | ** | |||
| SC/ST | 6.4 | 7.9 | ||
| OBC | 4.2 | 7.9 | ||
| Others | 5.3 | 7.9 | ||
| Religion | *** | |||
| Hindu | 4.7 | 7.3 | ||
| Non-Hindu | 5.7 | 10.9 | ||
| Wealth quintile | * | |||
| Poorest | 5.3 | 7.1 | ||
| Poorer | 4.1 | 8.9 | ||
| Middle | 3.5 | 8.6 | ||
| Richer | 6.0 | 6.7 | ||
| Richest | 5.4 | 8.1 | ||
| Mobile access | ** | ** | ||
| No mobile | 4.7 | 5.3 | ||
| Own | 7.8 | 9.5 | ||
| Family member’s | 4.7 | 7.1 | ||
| Internet access | ** | |||
| No | 4.8 | 7.6 | ||
| Yes | 5.9 | 14.3 | ||
| Mass media exposure | * | |||
| No | 4.1 | 7.9 | ||
| Yes | 5.4 | 7.9 | ||
| State | * | |||
| Uttar Pradesh | 4.9 | 9.3 | ||
| Bihar | 5.0 | 7.1 | ||
***p<0.001
**p<0.05
*p<0.10
SC/ST: Scheduled caste/scheduled tribe; OBC: Other Backward Class; Violence among married women come under intimate partner violence; depressive symptoms (low include scores from 0–9 and high include scores 10–27).