Table 3. Estimates from binary logistic regression analysis for high depressive symptoms among adolescent girls by background characteristics.
| Background Characteristics | Unmarried | Married |
|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | |
| Witnessed father ever beating mother | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.71 [1.09–2.69]** | |
| Experienced physical violence by a parent | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.62 [1.16–2.25]*** | |
| Experienced Sexual Violence | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.98 [0.94–4.19]* | |
| Experienced Emotional Violence | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 2.10 [1.42–3.11]*** | |
| Experienced Physical Violence | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.63 [1.13–2.35]*** | |
| Experienced Sexual Violence | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.11 [0.81–1.53] | |
| Justification over wife beating | ||
| Justified (Ref) | ||
| Not justified | 0.89 [0.59–1.34] | 1.59 [1.09–2.33]** |
| Experienced mobile phone/internet based harassment | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.78 [1.02–3.11]** | 1.37 [0.8–2.37] |
| Perpetrated bullying | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.90 [1.32–2.72]*** | 1.86 [0.98–3.52]* |
| Age groups (In years) | ||
| 15–17 (Ref) | ||
| 18–19 | 1.81 [1.34–2.46]*** | 0.94 [0.71–1.26] |
| Education Level (In years) | ||
| No education (Ref) | ||
| 1–7 | 0.57 [0.32–1.02]* | 0.89 [0.6–1.33] |
| 8–9 | 0.94 [0.52–1.7] | 1.25 [0.82–1.89] |
| 10 & above | 0.59 [0.33–1.06]* | 0.99 [0.62–1.6] |
| Place of Residence | ||
| Urban (Ref) | ||
| Rural | 0.90 [0.66–1.22] | 0.97 [0.69–1.37] |
| Caste | ||
| SC/ST (Ref) | ||
| OBC | 0.59 [0.4–0.86]*** | 0.95 [0.7–1.28] |
| Others | 0.68 [0.44–1.04]* | 0.92 [0.52–1.63] |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu (Ref) | ||
| Non-Hindu | 1.41 [1–1.98]** | 1.67 [1.08–2.58]** |
| Wealth quintile | ||
| Poorest (Ref) | ||
| Poorer | 0.85 [0.49–1.48] | 1.14 [0.73–1.79] |
| Middle | 0.77 [0.43–1.39] | 1.04 [0.69–1.58] |
| Richer | 1.38 [0.8–2.38] | 0.81 [0.52–1.29] |
| Richest | 1.37 [0.73–2.58] | 0.97 [0.54–1.72] |
| Mobile Access | ||
| No Mobile (Ref) | ||
| Own Mobile | 1.46 [0.81–2.63] | 2.25 [1.18–4.27]** |
| Family member’s | 1.00 [0.60–1.65] | 1.71 [0.88–3.3] |
| Internet Access | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 0.93 [0.57–1.52] | 1.95 [1.06–3.62]** |
| Mass Media Exposure | ||
| No (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.95 [1.30–0.87–1.96] | 0.95 [0.70–1.29] |
| State | ||
| Bihar (Ref) | ||
| Uttar Pradesh | 1.08 [0.8–1.45] | 1.54 [1.12–2.14]*** |
***p<0.01
**p<0.05
*p<0.10
Ref: Reference category; CI: Confidence interval; SC/ST: Scheduled caste/scheduled tribe; OBC: Other Backward Class; OR: Odds ratio; Violence among married women come under intimate partner violence; depressive symptoms (low include scores from 0–9 and high include scores 10–27).