Table 1. Characteristics of studies in meta-analysis.
| No. | First author | Year | Countries | Study type | Diagnostic criteria of CAL | Diagnostic time of IVIG resistance | Age (years) (IVIG resistance/IVIG response) | Male (%) (IVIG resistance/IVIG response) | KD patients (IVIG resistance/IVIG response) | CAL patients (IVIG resistance/IVIG response) | Follow-up (weeks) | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hashino | 2001 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | N/R | N/R | 35/227 | 9/0 | N/R | 6 |
| 2 | Hsieh | 2004 | China | retrospective | JKDRC | 72h | 2.8/1.7 | 56.5/61.5 | 9/153 | 3/20 | 8 | 7 |
| 3 | Sittiwangkul | 2006 | Thailand | retrospective | JKDRC/AHA | 36h | 1.4/1.6 | 44.0/51.0 | 9/61 | 7/10 | 52 | 6 |
| 4 | Sano | 2006 | Japan | retrospective | AHA | 24h | 2.2/2.3 | N/R | 22/90 | 17/9 | > 52 | 6 |
| 5 | Furukawa | 2007 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | 36h | N/R | 54.0/60.1 | 63/348 | 7/1 | N/R | 7 |
| 6 | Uehara | 2008 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | N/R | 2.0/1.9 | N/R | 1286/5044 | 333/402 | N/R | 6 |
| 7 | Tremoulet | 2008 | USA | retrospective | AHA | 48h | 2.0/2.4 | 63.3/60.9 | 60/302 | 29/109 | 4 | 8 |
| 8 | Sabharwal | 2009 | Canada | retrospective | JKDRC | 36h | N/R | N/R | 181/1117 | 54/204 | 6–8 | 6 |
| 9 | Mamtani | 2010 | Japan | prospective | JKDRC | 36h | N/R | N/R | 25/68 | 18/5 | N/R | 6 |
| 10 | Weng | 2010 | China | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | 2.7/2.0 | 50.0/57.4 | 20/136 | 12/44 | 8 | 7 |
| 11 | Do | 2010 | Korea | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | 2.7/2.5 | 61.5/66.7 | 13/64 | 5/7 | 52 | 7 |
| 12 | Kuo | 2010 | China | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | 1.6/1.6 | N/R | 20/111 | 6/24 | 4 | 7 |
| 13 | Hwang | 2011 | Korea | retrospective | JKDRC | 24h | 2.8/2.4 | 60.8/54.4 | 23/206 | 14/37 | 4 | 6 |
| 14 | Sittiwangkul | 2011 | Thailand | retrospective | JKDRC | N/R | N/R | N/R | 18/137 | 11/29 | 52 | 6 |
| 15 | Iwashima | 2011 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | N/R | N/R | 108/325 | 30/23 | N/R | 7 |
| 16 | Kim | 2011 | Korea | prospective | JKDRC | 48h | 3.0/2.4 | 68.2/53.3 | 22/107 | 7/3 | 8 | 6 |
| 17 | Yoshimura | 2013 | Japan | retrospective | AHA | 24h | 1.0/2.0 | 47.0/73.0 | 17/63 | 8/11 | 4 | 6 |
| 18 | Ou-Yang | 2013 | China | retrospective | JKDRC | 48-72h | 1.0/1.8 | 40.0/63.8 | 5/58 | 5/7 | 12 | 7 |
| 19 | Park | 2013 | Korea | retrospective | AHA | 36h | 2.3/2.2 | 63.3/50.9 | 30/279 | 13/19 | N/R | 7 |
| 20 | Teraguchi | 2013 | Japan | prospective | JKDRC | 36h | N/R | 58.5/62.2 | 41/196 | 12/5 | N/R | 6 |
| 21 | Cho | 2014 | Korea | retrospective | AHA | 36h | N/R | 52.9/55.6 | 17/135 | 8/29 | 10–62 | 6 |
| 22 | Yi | 2014 | Korea | retrospective | JKDRC | 36h | N/R | N/R | 17/47 | 7/17 | > 4 | 7 |
| 23 | Adjagba | 2014 | Canada | prospective | AHA | 36h | N/R | N/R | 16/93 | 6/16 | 12 | 6 |
| 24 | Tajima | 2015 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | N/R | 1.7/2.3 | 71.0/66.7 | 31/60 | 10/3 | 4 | 8 |
| 25 | Loomba | 2015 | USA | retrospective | AHA | N/R | 3.5/3.5 | 69/52 | 58/124 | 4/4 | 6–8 | 7 |
| 26 | Ha | 2015 | Korea | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | 2.9/2.8 | 60.4/56.2 | 222/365 | 36/26 | 10 | 8 |
| 27 | Maggio | 2016 | Italy | retrospective | AHA | N/R | 2.2/2.3 | 50.0/51.8 | 14/50 | 4/11 | 52 | 6 |
| 28 | Lee | 2016 | Korea | retrospective | JKDRC/AHA | 36h | 3.0/2.4 | 55.9/55.3 | 34/253 | 21/9 | N/R | 7 |
| 29 | Xu | 2016 | China | retrospective | JKDRC | N/R | N/R | N/R | 44/378 | 18/65 | 12 | 6 |
| 30 | Okuma | 2016 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | N/R | 1.75/2 | 45.5/48 | 22/89 | 5/3 | N/R | 8 |
| 31 | Kawamura | 2016 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | 24h | 2.8/2.1 | 57.6/57.8 | 85/320 | 9/1 | N/R | 7 |
| 32 | Xie | 2017 | China | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | N/R | N/R | 56/504 | 27/126 | 4 | 6 |
| 33 | Berdej-Szczot | 2017 | Poland | retrospective | N/R | 36h | N/R | N/R | 8/65 | 1/12 | 26 | 6 |
| 34 | Kimura | 2017 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | N/R | N/R | 147/476 | 12/1 | N/R | 7 |
| 35 | Chbeir | 2018 | France | retrospective | JKDRC/AHA | 48h | N/R | 53.3/60.7 | 45/112 | 14/17 | 52 | 8 |
| 36 | Hua | 2018 | China | retrospective | JKDRC/AHA | 48h | N/R | N/R | 380/1735 | 118/371 | N/R | 6 |
| 37 | Kim | 2018 | Korea | retrospective | JKDRC | N/R | 2.8/2.7 | 60.5/52.2 | 524/4627 | 90/435 | N/R | 7 |
| 38 | Miyakoshi | 2018 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | 24h | 2.5/1.8 | 70.0/58.0 | 98/224 | 17/15 | N/R | 8 |
| 39 | Ahn | 2018 | Korea | prospective | JKDRC/AHA | 36h | N/R | N/R | 38/227 | 14/31 | 52 | 6 |
| 40 | Fabi | 2018 | Italy | retrospective | JKDRC/AHA | 36h | 2.6/2.8 | 69.8/55.6 | 43/214 | 16/42 | N/R | 6 |
| 41 | Bar-Meir | 2018 | Israel | retrospective | AHA | 36h | 2.4/2.7 | 62.0/65.0 | 42/270 | 20/67 | 4 | 7 |
| 42 | Clark | 2018 | USA | retrospective | AHA | 36h | 2.6/2.8 | 67.2/64.6 | 67/325 | 29/77 | 104 | 8 |
| 43 | Chantasiriwan | 2018 | Thailand | retrospective | AHA | 36h | 1.4/1.4 | 85.0/62.0 | 26/191 | 9/46 | 8 | 8 |
| 44 | Gámez-González | 2018 | Japan | retrospective | N/R | 48h | 2.7/2.6 | 69.3/54.7 | 101/318 | 10/1 | N/R | 6 |
| 45 | Tan | 2019 | China | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | 2.5/2.7 | 66.7/61.6 | 260/3745 | 177/1733 | N/R | 7 |
| 46 | Kong | 2019 | China | retrospective | JKDRC/AHA | 36h | 2.1/2 | 58.7/60.8 | 29/271 | 7/41 | 6–8 | 8 |
| 47 | Fernandez-Cooke | 2019 | Spanish | retrospective | AHA | 36h | N/R | N/R | 98/527 | 15/45 | 26 | 7 |
| 48 | Wang | 2019 | China | retrospective | AHA | 36h | 2.2/2.2 | 50/54 | 50/50 | 12/3 | N/R | 6 |
| 49 | Yılmazer | 2019 | Turkey | retrospective | AHA | 36h | 2.95/2.75 | 61.1/62.7 | 18/102 | 8/27 | 52 | 7 |
| 50 | Amano | 2019 | Japan | retrospective | JKDRC | 24h | 2.63/3.01 | 69.7/56.5 | 33/42 | 17/9 | N/R | 6 |
| 51 | Liu | 2020 | China | retrospective | JKDRC/AHA | 36h | 2.8/2.9 | 36.4/56.5 | 11/131 | 2/6 | N/R | 7 |
| 52 | Piram | 2020 | France | retrospective | JKDRC | N/R | N/R | 59.8/55.7 | 92/323 | 56/105 | 12 | 7 |
| 53 | Türkuçar | 2020 | Turkey | retrospective | JKDRC | 48h | 2.83/3 | 58.7/58.3 | 17/77 | 8/17 | 2 | 7 |
CAL = coronary artery lesion, IVIG = intravenous immunoglobulin, KD = Kawasaki Disease, NOS = Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, JKDRC = Japan Kawasaki Disease Research Committee, AHA = American Heart Association, N/R = not report.