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. 2021 Mar 25;16(3):e0249107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249107

Table 6. Association of IES-R scores with lifestyle changes (n = 6142).

Variables All IES-R categories P-value* Rate Ratio (CI 95%) P-value**
n (%)
n = 6142 Normal Mild Moderate Severe
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
n = 2325 n = 1371 n = 551 n = 1895
Pay attention to mental health
 Decreased 544 (8.9) 125 (5.4) 120 (8.8) 55 (10.0) 244 (12.9) <0.001 1 <0.001
 Same as before 3111 (50.7) 1483 (63.8) 675 (49.2) 240 (43.6) 713 (37.6) 0.809 (0.736–0.891)
 Increased 2487 (40.5) 717 (30.8) 576 (42.0) 256 (46.5) 938 (49.5) 0.998 (0.905–1.100)
Time spent to rest
 Decreased 1352 (22.0) 337 (14.5) 303 (22.1) 143 (26.0) 569 (30.0) <0.001 1 0.039
 Same as before 2102 (34.2) 1007 (43.3) 446 (32.5) 155 (28.1) 494 (26.1) 0.895 (0.816–0.982)
 Increased 2688 (43.8) 981 (42.2) 622 (45.4) 253 (45.9) 832 (43.9) 0.961 (0.872–1.059)
Time spent to relax
 Decreased 1472 (24.0) 364 (15.7) 326 (23.8) 154 (27.9) 628 (33.1) <0.001 1 0.001
Same as before 2169 (35.3) 1047 (45.0) 452 (33.0) 176 (31.9) 494 (26.1) 0.846 (0.773–0.926)
 Increased 2501 (40.7) 914 (39.3) 593 (43.3) 221 (40.1) 773 (40.8) 0.894 (0.812–0.984)
Time spent to exercise
 Decreased 2569 (41.8) 838 (36.0) 569 (41.5) 242 (43.9) 920 (48.5) <0.001 1 0.307
 Same as before 2132 (34.7) 925 (39.8) 513 (37.4) 175 (31.8) 519 (27.4) 0.954 (0.896–1.015)
 Increased 1441 (23.5) 562 (24.2) 289 (21.1) 134 (24.3) 456 (24.1) 0.967 (0.903–1.036)

Answers of “much increased” and “increased” have been merged; Answers of “decreased” and “much decreased” have been merged; IES-R: Impact of Event Scale–Revised; CI: confidence interval;

*p-value was based on Chi-square test;

** p-value was based on generalized linear model analysis.