Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients according to onset-to-door time.
| Characteristics | All n (%) or mean ± SD | Onset-to-door time | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early arrival group (0–4.5 h) n (%) or mean ± SD | Late arrival group (>4.5 h) n (%) or mean ± SD | |||
| Total | 539 (100%) | 153 (100%) | 386 (100%) | |
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||
| Sex | 0.004 | |||
| Male | 297 (55.1%) | 99 (64.7%) | 198 (51.3%) | |
| Female | 242 (44.9%) | 54 (35.3%) | 188 (48.7%) | |
| Age (years) | 68.3±13.05 | 66.47±11.89 | 69.02±13.43 | 0.041 |
| <50 | 43 (8.0%) | 13 (8.5%) | 30 (7.8%) | |
| 50−59 | 80 (14.8%) | 26 (16.9%) | 54 (13.9%) | |
| 60−69 | 143 (26.5%) | 46 (30.1%) | 97 (25.1%) | |
| 70−79 | 168 (31.2%) | 49 (32.0%) | 119 (30.8%) | |
| ≥80 | 105 (19.5%) | 19 (12.4%) | 86 (22.3%) | |
| Years of schooling | 0.023 | |||
| 0−6 years | 183 (33.9%) | 40 (21.9%) | 144 (37.3%) | |
| 7−12 years | 229 (42.5%) | 68 (44.4%) | 161 (41.7%) | |
| >12 years | 127 (23.6%) | 45 (29.4%) | 81 (21.0%) | |
| Type of stroke onset time | 0.000 | |||
| Clear | 304 (56.4%) | 110 (71.9%) | 194 (50.3%) | |
| Unclear | 235 (43.6%) | 43 (28.1%) | 192 (49.7%) | |
| Medical history | ||||
| Previous mRS score | 0.33±0.96 | 0.16±0.67 | 0.40±1.04 | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 377 (69.9%) | 109 (71.2%) | 268 (69.4%) | 0.813 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 184 (34.1%) | 53 (34.6%) | 131 (33.9%) | 0.759 |
| Dyslipidemia | 253 (46.9%) | 76 (49.6%) | 177 (45.8%) | 0.424 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 104 (19.3%) | 32 (20.9%) | 72 (18.7%) | 0.549 |
| Coronary artery disease | 77 (14.3%) | 27 (17.6%) | 50 (13%) | 0.185 |
| Previous ischemic stroke or TIA | 0.318 | |||
| Yes | 134 (24.9%) | 42 (27.5%) | 92 (23.93%) | |
| No | 405 (75.1%) | 111 | 294 | |
| Previous use of antithromboticsa | 0.475 | |||
| Yes | 235 (43.6%) | 63 (41.2%) | 172 (44.6%) | |
| No | 304 (56.4%) | 90 | 214 | |
| Smoking status | 0.653 | |||
| Current smoker | 158 (29.3%) | 47 (30.7%) | 111 (28.8%) | |
| Non-smoker (never/past smoker) | 381 (70.7%) | 106 | 275 | |
| Initial NIHSS score | 4.59±5.65 | 5.55±6.70 | 4.22±5.14 | 0.028 |
| Acute reperfusion therapy | ||||
| IV-tPA | 44 (8.2%) | 44 (28.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.000 |
| IA thrombectomy | 49 (9.1%) | 29 (19.0%) | 20 (5.2%) | 0.000 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Length of hospital stay | 11.21±14.34 | 12.89±32.72 | 10.55±12.29 | 0.390 |
| NIHSS score at discharge | 3.39±6.19 | 2.78±4.41 | 3.63±6.76 | 0.149 |
| mRS score at discharge | 1.88±1.46 | 1.64±1.37 | 1.98±1.48 | 0.016 |
| mRS score at 3 months | 1.79±1.48 | 1.33±1.36 | 1.89±1.48 | 0.000 |
| Mortality at 3 months | 7 (1.30%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (0.02%) | 0.200 |
| Arrival time | ||||
| Arrival at daytime (7 AM−9 PM) | 444 (82.4%) | 122 (79.7%) | 322 (83.4%) | 0.330 |
| Arrival at nighttime (9 PM−7 AM) | 95 (17.6%) | 31 (20.3%) | 64 (16.6%) | 0.314 |
| Mean onset-to-door time (mins) | 1761.31±2217.91 | 100.38±68.72 | 2419.64±2311.10 | 0.000 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; TIA, transient ischemia stroke; IV, intravenous; tPA tissue plasminogen activator; IA, intra-arterial; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; AM, ante meridiem; PM, post meridiem.
aAntiplatelets or anticoagulation agents.