| Community level variables |
| Country |
| Burundi |
5580 (7.0) |
| Comoros |
2221 (2.8) |
| Ethiopia |
8455 (10.6) |
| Kenya |
15705 (19.7) |
| Madagascar |
4522 (5.7) |
| Malawi |
4635 (5.8) |
| Mozambique |
8818 (11.1) |
| Rwanda |
3258 (4.1) |
| Tanzania |
7782 (9.8) |
| Uganda |
3881 (4.9) |
| Zambia |
10259 (12.8) |
| Zimbabwe |
4624 (5.8) |
| Residence |
| Rural |
60751 (76.2) |
| Urban |
18993 (23.8) |
| Distance to health facility |
| Not a big problem |
47147 (59.1) |
| A big problem |
32597 (40.9) |
| Maternal related characteristics |
| Mothers age |
| 15–24 |
21556 (27.0) |
| 25–34 |
39398 (49.4) |
| 35–49 |
18790 (23.6) |
| Maternal education status |
| No |
20178 (25.3) |
| Primary |
41170 (51.6) |
| Secondary and higher |
18396 (23.1) |
| Marital status |
| Never married |
59331 (74.4) |
| Married/living together |
11337 (14.2) |
| Divorced/widowed/separated |
9076 (11.4) |
| Working status |
| No |
27941 (35.0) |
| Yes |
51803 (65.0) |
| Maternal BMI |
| Underweight |
15834 (19.9) |
| Normal |
49750 (62.4) |
| Overweight |
14160 (17.7) |
| Women health care decision making autonomy |
| Respondent alone |
14389 (18.0) |
| Jointly with husband/partner |
31519 (39.5) |
| Husband/partner only |
33836 (42.5) |
| Media exposure |
| No |
26221 (32.9) |
| Yes |
53523 (67.1) |
| Husband education status |
| No |
14503 (18.2) |
| Primary |
32181 (40.4) |
| Secondary and above |
33060 (41.4) |
| Maternal height |
| Short |
9371 (11.8) |
| Normal |
70373 (88.2) |
| Place of delivery |
| Home |
25055 (31.4) |
| Health facility |
54689 (68.6) |
| Mode of delivery |
| Vaginal |
75240 (94.3) |
| Caesarean |
4504 (5.7) |
| ANC visit during pregnancy |
| No |
28566 (35.8) |
| Yes |
51177 (64.2) |
| PNC visit (n = 41430) |
| No |
23295 (56.2) |
| Yes |
18135 (43.8) |
| Household level characteristics |
| Type of toilet facility |
| Improved |
29686 (37.2) |
| Not improved |
50058 (62.8) |
| Source of fuel |
| Modern fuel |
5137 (6.4) |
| Traditional fuel |
74607 (93.6) |
| Covered by health insurance |
| No |
63723 (79.9) |
| Yes |
16021 (20.1) |
| Wealth status |
| Poor |
36630 (45.9) |
| Middle |
15670 (19.7) |
| Rich |
27444 (34.4) |
| Sex of household head |
| Male |
61510 (77.1) |
| Female |
18234 (22.9) |
| Family size |
| 1–4 |
23288 (29.2) |
| 5–8 |
44878 (56.3) |
| ≥ 9 |
11578 (14.5) |
| Child characteristics |
| Sex of child |
| Male |
40171 (50.4) |
| Female |
39573 (49.6) |
| Age of child (in months) |
| < 24 |
28195 (35.3) |
| 24–35.9 |
17524 (22.0) |
| 36–47.9 |
17295 (21.7) |
| 48–60 |
16730 (21.0) |
| Type of birth |
| Single |
77558 (97.3) |
| Twin |
2186 (2.7) |
| Birth order |
| First |
17399 (21.8) |
| 2–4 |
38958 (48.9) |
| ≥ 4 |
23387 (29.3) |
| Exclusively breast feed for 6 months |
| No |
69273 (86.7) |
| Yes |
10471 (13.2) |
| Child size at birth |
| Small |
20114 (25.2) |
| Average |
36513 (45.8) |
| Large |
23117 (29.0) |
| Wasting status |
| Normal |
76044 (95.4) |
| Wasted |
3700 (4.6) |
| Underweight status |
| Normal |
15767 (19.8) |
| Underweight |
63977 (80.2) |
