Table 3. The bi-variable and multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression analysis of stunting among under 5 children in East Africa.
| Variable | Stunted | Not stunted | COR with 95% CI | AOR with 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 14535 | 4458 | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 38691 | 22060 | 1.79 (1.72, 1.86) | 1.11 (1.06, 1.16)* |
| Country | ||||
| Kenya | 12262 | 3443 | 1 | 1 |
| Comoros | 1597 | 3076 | 1.15 (1.03, 1.27) | 1.36 (1.22, 1.52)* |
| Ethiopia | 5379 | 3076 | 1.78 (1.68, 1.89) | 1.88 (1.75, 2.20)* |
| Burundi | 2620 | 2960 | 3.60 (3.37, 3.85) | 4.76 (4.40, 5.14)* |
| Madagascar | 2302 | 2220 | 2.95 (2.74, 3.17) | 3.44 (3.18, 3.72)* |
| Malawi | 3175 | 1460 | 1.48 (1.37, 1.59) | 1.89 (1.74, 2.05)* |
| Mozambique | 5361 | 3457 | 1.88 (1.77, 2.00) | 2.51 (2.34, 2.70)* |
| Rwanda | 2113 | 1145 | 1.77 (1.63, 1.93) | 2.41 (2.20, 2.64)* |
| Tanzania | 5410 | 2372 | 1.42 (1.33, 1.51) | 1.78 (1.66, 1.91)* |
| Uganda | 2943 | 939 | 1.09 (1.01, 1.19) | 1.30 (1.19, 1.42)* |
| Zambia | 6475 | 3784 | 1.93 (1.82, 2.04) | 2.43 (2.28, 2.59)* |
| Zimbabwe | 3588 | 1036 | 0.89 (0.82, 0.97) | 1.45 (1.32, 1.59)* |
| Maternal age | ||||
| 15–24 | 14032 | 7523 | 1 | 1 |
| 25–34 | 26785 | 12613 | 0.91 (0.88, 0.95) | 0.83 (0.79, 0.86)* |
| ≥ 35 | 12409 | 6381 | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) | 0.76 (0.72, 0.81)* |
| Maternal education | ||||
| No | 11791 | 8387 | 2.40 (2.29, 2.51) | 1.42 (1.34, 1.50)** |
| Primary | 27003 | 14167 | 1.90 (1.83, 1.98) | 1.37 (1.31, 1.44)* |
| Secondary and above | 14431 | 3964 | 1 | 1 |
| Wealth status | ||||
| Poor | 22149 | 14481 | 2.04 (1.97, 2.11) | 1.66 (1.58, 1.74)** |
| Middle | 10256 | 5413 | 1.67 (1.60, 1.75) | 1.42 (1.35, 1.49)* |
| Rich | 20820 | 6624 | 1 | 1 |
| Media exposure | ||||
| Yes | 37494 | 16028 | 1 | 1 |
| No | 17732 | 10489 | 1.52 (1.47, 1.56) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) |
| Women health care decision making autonomy | ||||
| Respondent alone | 9640 | 4749 | 1 | 1 |
| Jointly with husband/ partner | 20759 | 10760 | 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.03) |
| Husband/partner only | 22823 | 11008 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.08) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.09) |
| Distance to health facility | ||||
| Not a big problem | 32729 | 14417 | 1 | 1 |
| A big problem | 20496 | 12101 | 1.33 (1.29, 1.37) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) |
| Childs age in months | ||||
| <24 | 19061 | 9134 | 1 | 1 |
| 24–35.9 | 11810 | 5714 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.06) |
| 36–47.9 | 11284 | 6011 | 1.12 (1.07, 1.16) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14)* |
| 48–60 | 11070 | 5660 | 1.08 (1.03, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) |
| Sex of child | ||||
| Male | 26127 | 14043 | 1.15 (1.12, 1.19) | 1.19 (1.15, 1.23)* |
| Female | 27098 | 12475 | 1 | 1 |
| Type of birth | ||||
| Single | 52082 | 25475 | 1 | 1 |
| Multiple | 1143 | 1044 | 2.04 (1.87, 2.22) | 1.98 (1.81, 2.17)** |
| Place of delivery | ||||
| Health facility | 37519 | 17168 | 1 | 1 |
| Home | 15707 | 9348 | 1.29 (1.25, 1.34) | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13)* |
| ANC visit during pregnancy | ||||
| No | 17874 | 10692 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 35352 | 15826 | 0.75 (0.73, 0.78) | 0.89 (0.86, 0.93)* |
| Exclusively breast feed for 6 months | ||||
| No | 6941 | 3530 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 46285 | 22988 | 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) |
| Child size at birth | ||||
| Average | 24347 | 12166 | 1 | 1 |
| Small | 13104 | 7010 | 1.12 (1.08, 1.16) | 1.35 (1.29, 1.40)** |
| Large | 15775 | 7342 | 0.89 (0.86, 0.92) | 0.85 (0.81, 0.88)** |
| Birth order | ||||
| First | 11987 | 5412 | 1 | 1 |
| 2–4 | 26557 | 12401 | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | 1.08 (1.03, 1.13)** |
| ≥ 5 | 14682 | 8706 | 1.33 (1.28, 1.39) | 1.27 (1.19, 1.35)* |
| Family size | ||||
| 1–4 | 15871 | 7416 | 1 | 1 |
| 5–8 | 29520 | 15358 | 1.15 (1.11, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) |
| >8 | 7835 | 3744 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.98)* |
* p-value<0.05,
** p-value<0.01, CI: Confidence interval, COR: Crude Odds Ratio, AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio
This table includes only those variables for which the bi-variable analysis had a p <0.20