Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 2,797 CKD patients, overall and by underlying disease causing CKD.
| Characteristic | Underlying disease causing CKD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | PRD | HTN | DN | Others | |
| N | 2797 | 1306 | 467 | 275 | 749 |
| Age (y) | 60.5±16.2 | 56.0±16.8 | 70.0±11.6 | 66.6±12.7 | 59.9±15.6 |
| Male | 1521 (54.4) | 723 (55.4) | 269 (57.6) | 180 (65.5) | 348 (46.6) |
| CKD stage | |||||
| Stage 1+2 | 1050 (37.5) | 625 (47.9) | 77 (16.5) | 53 (19.3) | 295 (39.4) |
| Stage 3a | 602 (21.5) | 265 (20.3) | 172 (36.8) | 40 (14.5) | 125 (16.7) |
| Stage 3b | 453 (16.2) | 196 (15.0) | 86 (18.4) | 39 (14.2) | 132 (17.6) |
| Stage 4 | 403 (14.4) | 137 (10.5) | 80 (17.1) | 59 (21.5) | 127 (16.9) |
| Stage 5 | 285 (10.2) | 80 (6.1) | 52 (11.1) | 84 (30.5) | 69 (9.2) |
| CVD and CKD risk factors | |||||
| Hypertension | 2186 (78.2) | 965 (73.9) | 467 (100) | 249 (90.5) | 531 (70.9) |
| Diabetes | 766 (27.4) | 204 (15.6) | 149 (31.9) | 275 (100) | 138 (18.4) |
| Cardiac disease | 359 (12.8) | 106 (8.1) | 104 (22.3) | 66 (24.0) | 83 (11.1) |
| Stroke | 180 (6.4) | 46 (3.5) | 56 (11.9) | 34 (12.4) | 44 (5.9) |
| Dyslipidemia | 1202 (43.0) | 579 (44.3) | 195 (41.8) | 144 (52.4) | 284 (37.9) |
| Smoking | 455 (16.3) | 210 (16.1) | 75 (16.1) | 57 (20.7) | 113 (15.1) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.5±1.4 | 1.3±1.2 | 1.6±1.3 | 2.5±1.9 | 1.5±1.2 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 53.3±29.7 | 59.9±29.6 | 44.7±22.6 | 35.9±26.3 | 53.5±31.0 |
| Urinary protein* | 1398 (50.0) | 642 (49.2) | 234 (50.1) | 215 (78.2) | 307 (40.9) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.7±2.1 | 13.1±1.9 | 12.6±2.2 | 11.5±2.3 | 12.5±2.1 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.0±0.5 | 4.1±0.5 | 4.1±0.4 | 3.7±0.6 | 3.9±0.5 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 111.5±31.9 | 110.1±30.9 | 110.6±30.1 | 111.5±33.6 | 114.5±33.9 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131.4±16.2 | 129.5±15.2 | 134.9±17.4 | 136.9±17.7 | 130.4±15.9 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.7±10.8 | 77.2±10.3 | 76.2±11.6 | 73.9±11.7 | 77.1±10.7 |
| PP (mmHg) | 54.7±12.7 | 52.3±11.2 | 58.7±13.7 | 62.9±14.6 | 53.3±11.9 |
| Medication use | |||||
| ACE inhibitors or ARBs | 1778 (63.6) | 819 (62.7) | 338 (72.4) | 212 (77.1) | 409 (54.6) |
| Diuretics | 447 (15.9) | 125 (9.6) | 90 (19.3) | 129 (46.9) | 103 (13.8) |
| Allopurinol | 691 (24.7) | 290 (22.2) | 148 (31.7) | 64 (23.3) | 189 (25.2) |
| Statins | 963 (34.4) | 467 (35.8) | 148 (31.7) | 119 (43.3) | 229 (30.6) |
| Steroid | 682 (24.4) | 419 (32.1) | 13 (2.8) | 6 (2.2) | 224 (29.9) |
| Antiplatelets | 1265 (45.2) | 725 (55.5) | 160 (34.3) | 115 (41.8) | 265 (35.4) |
| Uric acid | |||||
| Total (mg/dL) | 6.4±1.7 | 6.3±1.6 | 6.5±1.8 | 7.0±2.1 | 6.2±1.7 |
| Male (mg/dL) | 6.8±1.6 | 6.7±1.4 | 6.9±1.7 | 7.2±2.0 | 6.7±1.6 |
| Female (mg/dL) | 5.8±1.8 | 5.7±1.6 | 5.9±1.8 | 6.7±2.2 | 5.7±1.7 |
| Renal biopsy | 1416 (50.6) | 1026 (78.6) | 60 (12.8) | 47 (17.1) | 283 (37.8) |
PRD, primary renal disease; HTN, hypertensive renal disease; DN, diabetic nephropathy; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.
*Urinary protein means the number and proportion of patients who were positive on the dipstick urinary protein test.