Table 2. Potential tissue protein biomarkers in Bladder Cancer.
| Protein | Subjects | Context | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Profilin-1 (PFN1) Zoidakis et al., 2012 (60) |
35 patients with stage pTa-pT2 + cancer | Prediction of invasiveness | Decreased PFN1 expression in invasive (T2) versus high risk non-invasive (T1G3) tumors, correlation with poor prognosis and increased mortality |
| Histone H2B (H2B) and Zinc finger protein 335 (NIF-1) Frantzi et al., 2013 (61) |
32 patients with stage pTa-pT2+ | Prediction of progression | Potential marker for discriminating BC stages, association with tumor progression |
| Bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP) Moreira et al., 2010 (64) |
120 bladder specimens: histologically normal or various tumor stages | Prediction of progression, prognostic value | Loss of BLCAP expression confers a poorer prognosis for patients |
| Cystatin B (CSTB) Feldman et al., 2009 (63) |
37 BC and 35 normal urothelial specimens | Prediction of recurrence and progression | Increased CSTB expression correlated with stage and grade, recurrence and progression |
| Maspin Kramer et al., 2010 (66) |
162 patients with stages pTa-T1 cancer (NMIBC) | Prediction of recurrence and progression | Low Maspin expression correlated to tumor progression and recurrence |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX) Klatte et al., 2009 (67) |
340 patients with BC of all stages | Prediction of recurrence, progression and survival | For NMIBC, higher CAIX was associated with poorer recurrence-free survival. In MIBC patients who underwent cystectomy, higher CAIX related to worse overall survival |
| Cyclin D1 (CCND1) Seiler et al., 2014 (68) |
152 patients who underwent radical cystectomy | Response to adjuvant chemotherapy and survival | High CCND1 levels associated with disease-specific survival in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy |
| TP53, p21, p27kip1 and p107 Shariat et al., 2012 (69) |
324 BC patients with pT1-T2 who received radical cystectomy | Prediction of recurrence and survival | Increased prediction accuracy for disease recurrence and cancer specific mortality by 15.6% and 14.8%, respectively (p <0.001) |
| Cathepsin E, Maspin, PLK1, survivin Fristrup et al., 2012 (70) | 693 patients with stages pTa-T1 cancer (NMIBC) | Prediction of progression | Expression of cathepsin E, maspin, Plk1, and survivin significantly associated with progression to stage T2-T4 bladder cancer |
| Androgen receptor, JMJD2A and LSD1-AR Kauffman et al., 2011 (71) |
72 patients who underwent radical cystectomy | Prediction of progression and survival | Significant reduced expression associated with cancer stage progression, muscle invasion and lymph node metastasis |