TABLE 1.
Comparison of Basic Information and ICU Structure Between ICUs That Participated in the First Survey Day and Those That Participated in the Second Survey Day
| Parameter | First Survey (n = 166) | Second Survey (n = 212) |
|---|---|---|
| Basic information for participating ICUs | ||
| Type of ICU, n (%)a | ||
| Medical-surgical mixed ICU | 140 (84) | 169 (80) |
| Medical ICU | 11 (7) | 26 (12) |
| Surgical ICU including cardiac surgery | 7 (4) | 9 (4) |
| Other types of ICUb | 8 (5) | 8 (4) |
| Nurse-to-patient ratio, n (%) | ||
| 1:1 | 22 (13) | 35 (17) |
| 1:2 | 133 (80) | 151 (71) |
| 1:3 or higher | 11 (7) | 26 (12) |
| Number of ICU beds, n (%) | ||
| < 10 | 43 (26) | 59 (28) |
| 10–19 | 75 (45) | 90 (42) |
| ≥ 20 | 48 (29) | 63 (30) |
| ICU beds exclusively for patients with COVID-19, n (%) | ||
| < 5 | 101 (61) | 113 (53) |
| 5–19 | 43 (26) | 66 (31) |
| ≥ 20 | 22 (13) | 33 (16) |
| Professionals who may enter rooms of patients with COVID-19 under regional infection control regulations of the participating hospital, n (%) | ||
| Intensivists | 157 (95) | 202 (95) |
| Physicians other than intensivists | 134 (81) | 169 (80) |
| Nurses | 166 (100) | 212 (100) |
| Physiotherapists | 93 (56) | 122 (58) |
| Respiratory therapists | 48 (29) | 68 (32) |
| ICUs with dedicated intensivists, n (%) | 159 (96) | 205 (97) |
| ICUs with dedicated physiotherapists, n (%) | 78 (47) | 108 (51) |
| ICUs with dedicated respiratory therapists, n (%) | 44 (27) | 65 (31) |
| ICU structure associated with evidence-based and supportive ICU care, n (%) | ||
| ICUs with a written pain management protocol | 73 (44) | 98 (46) |
| ICUs with a written spontaneous awakening trials management protocol | 60 (36) | 83 (39) |
| ICUs with a written spontaneous breathing trials management protocol | 70 (42) | 91 (43) |
| ICUs with a written sedation management protocol | 88 (53) | 115 (54) |
| ICUs with a written delirium management protocol | 66 (40) | 82 (39) |
| ICUs with a written mobilization/rehabilitation management protocol | 73 (44) | 93 (44) |
| ICUs with a written sleep management protocol | 21 (13) | 30 (14) |
| Frequency of multidisciplinary rounds for patients with COVID-19 in the ICU, n (%) | ||
| Daily | 100 (60) | 135 (64) |
| At least once a week | 9 (5) | 10 (5) |
| Not applicable | 57 (34) | 67 (32) |
| Visiting hr/d for patients with COVID-19 in the ICU (hr), n (%) | ||
| No visiting hours | 142 (86) | 182 (86) |
| 0–5 | 21 (13) | 26 (12) |
| 6–23 | 1 (1) | 2 (1) |
| No limitation on visiting hours | 2 (1) | 2 (1) |
COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.
aOne ICU was managed as a tele-ICU by another hospital or ICU.
bAmong the other types of ICUs on both days, five were PICUs.