TABLE 2.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| Characteristics | Total Patients (n = 262) | Patients in the First Survey (n = 135) | Patients in the Second Survey (n = 127) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, yr, n (%) | |||
| < 50a | 69 (26) | 27 (20) | 42 (33) |
| 50–59 | 69 (26) | 24 (18) | 45 (35) |
| 60–69 | 62 (24) | 37 (27) | 25 (20) |
| 70–79 | 46 (18) | 35 (26) | 11 (9) |
| ≥ 80 | 16 (6) | 12 (9) | 4 (3) |
| Male gender, n (%) | 177 (68) | 96 (71) | 81 (64) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Asian | 118 (45) | 63 (47) | 55 (43) |
| White | 103 (39) | 54 (40) | 49 (39) |
| Hispanic | 10 (4) | 4 (3) | 6 (5) |
| Black | 7 (3) | 5 (4) | 2 (2) |
| Other | 24 (9) | 9 (7) | 15 (12) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, n (%) | |||
| < 18.5 | 19 (7) | 8 (6) | 11 (9) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 118 (45) | 58 (43) | 60 (47) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 79 (30) | 41 (30) | 38 (30) |
| 30.0–34.9 | 27 (10) | 14 (10) | 14 (11) |
| ≥ 35.0 | 19 (7) | 14 (10) | 4 (3) |
| ICU length of stay, d, median (interquartile range) | 9 (5–35) | 24 (7–50) | 6 (4–10) |
| Ambulatory independence prior to ICU admission, n (%) | 222 (85) | 118 (87) | 104 (82) |
| ICU treatment provided on the survey date | |||
| Respiratory assistance, n (%) | |||
| No respiratory device | 20 (8) | 12 (9) | 8 (6) |
| Oxygen, such as nasal cannula, face mask, reserved face mask, and others | 89 (34) | 37 (27) | 52 (41) |
| Nasal high-flow cannula | 22 (8) | 10 (7) | 12 (9) |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 33 (13) | 9 (7) | 24 (19) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 124 (47) | 86 (64) | 38 (30) |
| ECMO | 12 (5) | 11 (8) | 1 (1) |
| Patients receiving continuous/intermittent renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 38 (15) | 22 (16) | 16 (13) |
| Patients receiving continuous neuromuscular blocking agents, n (%) | 38 (15) | 25 (19) | 13 (10) |
| Patients receiving continuous vasoactive drugs, n (%) | 65 (25) | 42 (31) | 23 (18) |
| Patients receiving continuous analgesics, n (%)b | 118 (45) | 45 (33) | 73 (57) |
| Patients receiving continuous use of sedatives, n (%)c | 102 (39) | 59 (44) | 43 (34) |
| Patients receiving prone positioning, n (%) | 57 (22) | 19 (14) | 38 (30) |
| Prone positioning without mechanical ventilation or ECMOd | 35 (26) | 6 (13) | 29(33) |
| Prone positioning with mechanical ventilatione | 22 (18) | 13 (15) | 9 (24) |
| Prone positioning with ECMOd | 2 (17) | 2(18) | 0 (0) |
| Scheduled total hours of prone positioning, hr, n (%) | (n = 57) | (n = 19) | (n = 38) |
| 0–5 | 26 (46) | 5 (26) | 21 (55) |
| 6–11 | 9 (16) | 4 (21) | 5 (13) |
| 12–17 | 17 (30) | 8 (42) | 9 (24) |
| 18–23 | 3 (5) | 1 (5) | 2 (5) |
| 24 (all day) | 2 (4) | 1 (5) | 1 (3) |
ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
aOf 69 patients, two were under 20 yr old.
bOf 118 patients, 85 patients (70%) were on mechanical ventilation. Among 33 patients without mechanical ventilations, 12 patients received prone positioning.
cOf 102 patents, 82 patients (80%) were on mechanical ventilation. Among 20 patients without mechanical ventilations, 10 patients received prone positioning.
dPercentages were calculated by dividing by the number of patients without mechanical ventilation or ECMO. The number of patients without mechanical ventilation or ECMO was 48 on the first survey, 89 on the second survey, and 137 in total.
ePercentages were calculated by dividing by the number of patients on mechanical ventilation. The number of patients on mechanical was 86 on the first survey, 38 on the second survey, and 124 in total.
dPercentages were calculated by dividing by the number of patients on ECMO. The number of patients on ECMO was 11 on the first survey, 1 on the second survey, and 12 in total.