Table 3.
Different metabolites between two groups.
| No. | Class | Name | C vs A | B vs A | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIPa | FCb | P c | Tendencyd | FC | P | Tendency | |||
| 1 | Amino acid | L-Cysteine | 2.5 | 1.667 | <0.001 | ↑# | 1.123 | 0.959 | ↑ |
| 2 | Carbohydrates | Gluconolactone | 2.4 | 0.656 | 0.0018 | ↓# | 0.761 | 0.038 | ↓ ∗ |
| 3 | Amino acid | Creatinine | 2.2 | 1.371 | 0.0039 | ↑# | 0.946 | 0.878 | ↓ |
| 4 | Lipids | Glycerol 3-phosphate | 2.2 | 1.946 | 0.0045 | ↑# | 1.603 | 0.959 | ↑ |
| 5 | Amino acid | L-Cystine | 2.3 | 2.461 | 0.0059 | ↑# | 1.307 | 0.279 | ↑ |
| 6 | Amino acid | L-Tryptophan | 2.3 | 1.692 | 0.0065 | ↑# | 0.923 | 0.959 | ↓ |
| 7 | Amino acid | L-Glutamine | 2.1 | 1.429 | 0.0067 | ↑# | 1.141 | 0.721 | ↑ |
| 8 | Amino acid | L-Lysine | 2.2 | 1.301 | 0.0096 | ↑# | 0.992 | 0.959 | ↓ |
| 9 | Amino acid | Aminomalonic acid | 2 | 0.765 | 0.01 | ↓ ∗ | 1.075 | 0.721 | ↑ |
| 10 | Amino acid | Ketoleucine | 2.1 | 1.701 | 0.012 | ↑ ∗ | 0.708 | 0.382 | ↓ |
| 11 | Amino acid | L-Methionine | 2.1 | 1.335 | 0.014 | ↑ ∗ | 1.074 | 0.959 | ↑ |
| 12 | Vitamin | Alpha-Tocopherol | 2.1 | 2.843 | 0.016 | ↑ ∗ | 0.916 | 0.959 | ↓ |
| 13 | Amino acid | Ratio of L-glutamine/L-glutamic acid | 2.0 | 2.478 | 0.016 | ↑ ∗ | 1.497 | 0.878 | ↑ |
| 14 | Organic acids | Pyruvic acid | 1.9 | 3.82 | 0.017 | ↑ ∗ | 0.949 | 0.878 | ↓ |
| 15 | Amino acid | Ratio of pyruvic acid/L-alanine | 1.9 | 3.643 | 0.018 | ↑ ∗ | 0.995 | 1.000 | ↓ |
| 16 | Amino acid | Ratio of L-glutamic acid/L-glutamine | 2.1 | 0.402 | 0.020 | ↓ ∗ | 0.693 | 0.878 | ↓ |
| 17 | Amino acid | Alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid | 1.9 | 1.785 | 0.024 | ↑ ∗ | 0.901 | 0.878 | ↓ |
| 18 | Amino acid | Ratio of L-tyrosine/L-phenylalanine | 1.8 | 1.343 | 0.027 | ↑ ∗ | 0.965 | 0.721 | ↓ |
| 19 | Amino acid | Ratio of beta-alanine/L-aspartic acid | 1.8 | 1.339 | 0.029 | ↑ ∗ | 1.37 | 0.382 | ↑ |
| 20 | Amino acid | L-Tyrosine | 1.7 | 1.165 | 0.033 | ↑ ∗ | 0.785 | 0.798 | ↓ |
| 21 | Amino acid | L-Alpha-aminobutyric acid | 1.7 | 1.121 | 0.041 | ↑ ∗ | 0.736 | 0.442 | ↓ |
| 22 | Amino acid | 2-Hydroxybutyric acid | 1.7 | 1.459 | 0.042 | ↑ ∗ | 1.08 | 1.000 | ↑ |
| 23 | Lipids | MG181 | 1.7 | 1.92 | 0.042 | ↑ ∗ | 0.948 | 1.000 | ↑ |
| 24 | Amino acid | L-Leucine | 1.7 | 1.406 | 0.045 | ↑ ∗ | 1.439 | 0.083 | ↑ |
| 25 | Amino acid | Ratio of L-glutamic acid/oxoglutaric acid | 1.7 | 0.543 | 0.045 | ↓ ∗ | 1.031 | 1.000 | ↑ |
| 26 | Amino acid | Acetyl glycine | 1.7 | 0.752 | 0.046 | ↓ ∗ | 1.073 | 0.721 | ↑ |
| 27 | Amino acid | L-Alloisoleucine | 1.7 | — | 0.042 | ↑ ∗ | 1.5 | 0.021 | ↑ ∗ |
| 28 | Amino acid | L-Valine | 1.6 | 1.293 | 0.064 | ↑ | 1.222 | 0.328 | ↑ |
| 29 | Amino acid | Ratio of citrulline/L-arginine | — | 0.981 | 0.584 | ↓ | 0.786 | 0.0011 | ↓# |
| 30 | Amino acid | L-Homoserine | — | 1.096 | 0.739 | ↑ | 1.853 | 0.003 | ↑# |
| 31 | Hormone | Normetanephrine | — | 1.185 | 0.603 | ↑ | 2.038 | 0.010 | ↑ ∗ |
| 32 | Fatty acids | Behenic acid | 0.776 | 0.293 | ↓ | 0.582 | 0.015 | ↓ ∗ | |
| 34 | Amino acid | Ratio of L-serine/glycine | — | 1.117 | 0.842 | ↑ | 2.374 | 0.021 | ↑ ∗ |
| 35 | Amino acid | Ratio of glycine/L-serine | 0.895 | 0.970 | ↓ | 0.426 | 0.021 | ↓ ∗ | |
| 36 | Amino acid | Ratio of citrulline/ornithine | 1.5 | 0.82 | 0.083 | ↓ | 0.76 | 0.021 | ↓ ∗ |
| 37 | Organic acids | 3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid | — | 1.091 | 0.410 | ↑ | 0.83 | 0.024 | ↓ ∗ |
| 38 | Lipids | Decanoylcarnitine | 1 | 0.627 | 0.200 | ↓ | 0.534 | 0.028 | ↓ ∗ |
| 39 | Amino acid | Glycine | — | 1.082 | 0.920 | ↑ | 0.656 | 0.038 | ↓ ∗ |
| 40 | Amino acid | Ratio of ketoleucine/L-leucine | — | 1.249 | 0.471 | ↑ | 0.736 | 0.050 | ↓ |
aVIP values were obtained from cross-validated OPLS-DA models with a threshold of 1. bFold change was calculated as the ratio of the mean metabolite levels between two groups. cP values were calculated from two-tailed student's T-test or Mann–Whitney U test or with a threshold of 0.05 and 0.01. d↑, content increased; ↓, content decreased; #Compared with group A, P < 0.01; ∗Compared with group A, P < 0.05.