Table-4.

Associations between modifiable risk factors and finding NTS on farms.

Variable/Risk factor	NTS +	NTS	Odd ratio (95% CI)	p value
Food Type
Pellets	9	4	9 (0.8 108.3)	0.12
Mash	1	4
Management style
Mixed/Staggered age	5	2	3 (0.4 22.7)	0.37
All in/All out	5	6
Presence of other domestic animals
No	7	3	3.9 (0.5 27.8)	0.34
Yes	3	5
Antibiotic use
Yes	9	5	3.6 (0.3 50.3)	0.54
No	1	2
Frequency of cleaning
Frequent/spot cleaning	7	2	5.8 (0.7 48.9)	0.35
Infrequent/between flocks	3	5
Houses empty between flocks
>2 weeks	7	4	2.3 (0.3 16.2)	0.63
2 weeks or less	3	4
Keeping medical records
Yes	5	4	1.0 (0.2 6.4)	1.00
No	5	4
Use of PPE (boots)
No	2	1	1.8 (0.1 2.4)	1.00
Yes	8	7
Use of footbath
No	9	7	1.3 (0.1 25)	1.00
Yes	1	1
Frequency of visit by Vet/Paravet
More than 1/year	6	4	1.5 (0.2 9.8)	1.00
Annually or less frequently	4	4