Table 4.

Studies supporting effects of baseline and reproductive factors on HE4 and CA125 levels in healthy women.

FEATURE	Findings HE4	REF	Findings CA125	REF
Age	Progressive increase with age	[16, 17, 21, 22]	Lower in younger and older women	[24]
Body Mass	Decreases with greater body mass with a similar trend seen here	[16]	Decreases with greater body mass as seen here	[13]
Race	No differences in limited data as seen here	[26, 27]	Lower in non-white as seen here	[13, 14, 26]
Smoking	Greater in current smokers as seen here	[16, 21, 22, 25, 26]	Lower in current smokers; higher in former smokers as trends seen here	[13, 14, 25]
Age at Menarche	Increased with later age not seen here	[27]	Increased with later age not seen here	[14]
Current OC use	Lower as seen here	[28]	Lower as seen here	[29]
Duration OC use	Lower with contraceptive use not seen here	[23]	Lower with longer OC use as seen here in premenopausal women	[29]
Currently Pregnant	Lower, not significant here	[17]	Higher as seen here	[30]
Number of pregnancies	Lower with increasing number in postmenopausal women not seen here	[25]	Higher with more pregnancies, similar to a non-significant trend seen here	[15, 25]
Hysterectomy	No apparent effect as seen here	[25]	Lower as seen here (only in pre-menopausal women)	[13, 14, 25]
Genital Talc use	Higher of borderline significance significant as seen here	[27]	Significantly higher not seen here	[27]
Menopausal status	Higher in PM women, likely due to age alone	[21]	Lower after menopause as seen here except in women 75 or older lower	[25]
Age at menopause	Lower with older age not seen here	[25]	Lower in women with early menopause	[13, 14, 25]
HRT use	No apparent effect while lower level seen here with estrogen-only ERT	[25]	Lower with HRT use not seen here	[25]
C-Reactive Protein	No data found		No data found
Homocysteine	No data found		No data found
Creatinine	Positively correlated	[16]	No data found