Table 2.
Distribution of urinary concentrations of metabolites of phthalates and phthalate alternatives (μg/g creatinine), Study of Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
| Metabolite | Parent compound | Sources | SELF (2010–2012) N=754 | NHANES (2011–2012) N=38 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LODC | % detected | Median | 90th p-tile | Non-Hispanic Black Females Age 23–35 Years | ||||
| Median | 90th p-tile | |||||||
| Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) | Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) | Cosmetics, fragrances, construction | 0.4 | 99.9 | 16.0 | 38.7 | 9.5 | 32.4 |
| Mono-hydroxybutyl phthalate (MHBPa) | 0.4 | 93.6 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 1.5 | ||
| Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) | Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) | Cosmetics, fragrances, construction | 0.8 | 99.3 | 11.2 | 26.7 | 6.9 | 18.9 |
| Mono-hydroxyisobutyl phthalate (MHiBPa) | 0.4 | 99.2 | 3.0 | 7.8 | 3.4 | 11.0 | ||
| Monoethyl phthalate (MEP) | Diethyl phthalate (DEP) | Fragrances | 1.2 | 100.0 | 59.4 | 251.6 | 79.7 | 402.2 |
| Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) | Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) | Flooring, construction, clothing, household | 0.3 | 99.7 | 6.5 | 20.7 | 5.0 | 23.3 |
| Mono-carboxyisononyl phthalate (MCNP) | Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) | Flooring, construction, clothing, household, wire/cable | 0.2 | 99.7 | 2.8 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 5.7 |
| Mono-isononyl phthalate (MNP) | Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) | Flooring, automotive trim, construction, clothing, household, wire/cable coatings | 0.9 | 71.3 | 1.1 | 9.3 | 1.0 | 6.0 |
| Mono-carboxyisooctyl phthalate (MCOP) | 0.3 | 100.0 | 19.9 | 116.8 | 12.7 | 71.5 | ||
| Mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) | Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), DBP | Flooring, vinyl gloves, wire and cable insulation, adhesives; cosmetics, fragrances | 0.4 | 98.0 | 2.2 | 17.3 | 1.8 | 15.4 |
| Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP) | Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) | Vinyl tile, automotive trim, paint, medical uses, clothing, garden hoses, wire/cable coatings | 0.4 | 99.9 | 15.1 | 41.2 | 11.7 | 51.8 |
| Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) | 0.4 | 99.7 | 11.8 | 31.2 | 8.0 | 36.4 | ||
| Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) | 0.8 | 91.5 | 2.3 | 7.4 | 1.2 | 7.5 | ||
| Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) | 0.2 | 99.7 | 7.3 | 20.2 | 5.4 | 18.8 | ||
| 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid-monohydroxy isononyl ester (MHiNCH) | 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) | Replacement for DEHP and DINP | 0.4 | 24.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
| 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid-monocarboxy isooctyl ester (MCOCHb) | 0.5 | 9.0 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.7 | ||
a
Data from 2013–2014 NHANES cycle (not available in 2011–2012).
b
Data from 2015–2016 NHANES cycle (not available in 2011–2012 or 2013–2014 cycles).
c
Limit of detection units are in μg/L.