Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the study population
| Characteristics | Total | Ualb – | Ualb + |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 7805 | n = 6970 | n = 827 | |
| Age, years | 60.8 ± 11.2 | 60.4 ± 11.5 | 64.8 ± 8.64 |
| Sex, male (%) | 2716 (34.8) | 2349 (33.7) | 360 (43.5) |
| BMI | 23.5 ± 3.6 | 23.4 ± 3.52 | 24.6 ± 3.76 |
| SBP, mmHg | 127 ± 17.8 | 126 ± 17.2 | 137 ± 19.9 |
| DBP, mmHg | 75.4 ± 10.8 | 74.9 ± 10.6 | 79.7 ± 11.9 |
| HTN_treat (%) | 211 (2.7) | 275 (2.53) | 31 (3.79) |
| HTN_diag (%) | 1912 (24.5) | 1540 (22.1) | 369 (44.6) |
| Ualb/UCr, mg/gCr (IQR) | 7.4 (8.8)* | 6.7 (6.2)* | 64.7 (99)* |
| < 30 mg/gCr (%) | 6970 (89.3) | ||
| ≧ 30 mg/gCr (%) | 827 (10.6) | ||
| UNa, g/l | 3.02 ± 1.34 | 3.05 ± 1.28 | 2.91 ± 1.23 |
| UK, g/l | 1.63 ± 1.09 | 1.66 ± 1.04 | 1.50 ± 0.91 |
| HbA1c(NGSP), % | 5.56 ± 0.59 | 5.52 ± 0.54 | 5.81 ± 0.85 |
| sCre, mg/dl | 0.69 ± 0.24 | 0.68 ± 0.15 | 0.75 ± 0.43 |
| sCysC, mg/l | 0.77 ± 0.19 | 0.76 ± 0.15 | 0.85 ± 0.15 |
| eGFRcre, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 78.1 ± 15.6 | 78.4 ± 0.15 | 74.8 ± 0.15 |
| eGFRcys, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 97.4 ± 21.9 | 98.4 ± 0.15 | 89.5 ± 0.15 |
| CKD stage 1 (%) | 4737 (60.7) | 4346 (62.4) | 390 (47.2) |
| CKD stage 2 (%) | 2857 (36.6) | 2499 (35.9) | 351 (42.4) |
| CKD stage 3a (%) | 174 (2.23) | 112 (1.60) | 63 (7.58) |
| CKD stage 3b (%) | 27 (0.35) | 12 (0.17) | 15 (1.83) |
| CKD stage 4 (%) | 8 (0.10) | 1 (0.01) | 7 (0.86) |
| CKD stage 5 (%) | 2 (0.03) | 1 (0.01) | 1 (0.12) |
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HTN_treat the person treated as hypertension from questionnaire, HTN_diag the persons diagnosed based on The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2014), Ualb/UCr urinary albumin excretion corrected by urinary creatinine, UNa urinary sodium, UK urinary potassium, HbA1c(NGSP) hemoglobin A1c valued as National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, sCre serum creatinine, sCysC serum cystatin C, eGFRcre estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by serum creatinine, eGFRcys estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by serum cystatin C, CKD stage 1 eGFRcys ≥ 90, CKD stage 2 ≤ 60 eGFRcys < 90, CKD stage 3a 45 ≤ eGFRcys < 60, CKD stage 3b 30 ≤ eGFRcys < 45, CKD stage 4 15 ≤ eGFRcys < 30, CKD stage 5 eGFRcys < 15, Ualb − the group without microalbuminuria nor overt albuminuria, Ualb + the group of microalbuminuria or overt albuminuria, IQR interquartile range
*Median value