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. 2021 Mar 25;8:94. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00878-y

Table 3.

Inter-annotator agreement (measured using Cohen’s kappa) between average volunteers (A) and two groups of experienced volunteers (E1 and E2). Region includes both country and state/territories as applicable.

All NPI event types Top 5 NPI event types
A vs E1 A vs E2 E1 vs E2 A vs E1 A vs E2 E1 vs E2
Type 0.63 0.69 0.80 0.81 0.77 0.85
Type + Value 0.41 0.42 0.69 0.51 0.47 0.70
Date 0.50 0.61 0.73 0.60 0.69 0.76
Region 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.98 1.00 0.98
Restriction 0.36 0.43 0.74 0.74 0.58 0.69
Type + Date 0.44 0.53 0.70 0.51 0.59 0.72
Type + Value + Date 0.31 0.34 0.62 0.35 0.36 0.59
Type + Value + Date + Region 0.30 0.33 0.62 0.35 0.36 0.59
Type + Value + Date + Region + Restriction 0.26 0.29 0.61 0.34 0.35 0.59