Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.
| Characteristics | Metformin (n = 113) | Non-metformin (n = 259) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (yr) | 68.00 (62.00, 73.00) | 73.00 (66.00, 80.00) | 0.000 |
| Male | 44 (38.9%) | 151 (58.3%) | 0.001 |
| Smoking | 29 (25.7%) | 79 (30.5%) | 0.344 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.26(23.37, 27.51) | 25.00(23.01, 27.04) | 0.151 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.00 (119.00, 139.00) | 130.00 (120.00, 140.00) | 0.858 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.00 (67.00, 83.00) | 71.00 (63.00, 78.00) | 0.001 |
| NYHA class III-IV | 26 (23.0%) | 73 (28.2%) | 0.299 |
| LVEF (%) | 64.97 ± 7.24 | 63.09 ± 7.14 | 0.021 |
| Underlying diseases | |||
| DM duration (yr) | 10.00 (5.00, 10.00) | 8.00 (4.00, 10.00) | 0.280 |
| HF duration (yr) | 1.00 (0.10, 5.00) | 1.00 (0.17, 5.00) | 0.808 |
| HTN | 94 (83.2%) | 214 (82.6%) | 0.895 |
| CHD | 64 (56.6%) | 173 (66.8%) | 0.061 |
| AF | 49 (43.4%) | 98 (37.8%) | 0.316 |
| CI | 14 (12.4%) | 37 (14.3%) | 0.625 |
| Laboratory reports | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 7.20 (6.50, 8.35) | 7.30 (6.60, 8.46) | 0.782 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 91.53 (77.11, 100.24) | 81.55 (66.55, 93.32) | 0.000 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 84.55 (47.85, 171.63) | 104.90 (57.25, 240.10) | 0.074 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 543.00 (305.00, 1470.00) | 999.00 (324.00, 2194.00) | 0.303 |
| Hb (g/L) | 125.00 (117.50, 133.00) | 128.00 (117.00, 137.00) | 0.169 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 1.89 (1.39, 2.61) | 2.02 (1.56, 2.57) | 0.212 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.23) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.23) | 0.417 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.43 (1.07, 1.96) | 1.29 (0.91, 1.78) | 0.081 |
| LA (cm) | 3.97 (3.70, 4.36) | 4.11 (3.80, 4.53) | 0.103 |
| Antidiabetic therapy | |||
| Sulfonylureas | 43 (38.1%) | 134 (36.0%) | 0.590 |
| Glinides | 18 (15.9%) | 47 (18.1%) | 0.604 |
| GI | 158 (61.0%) | 48 (42.5%) | 0.001 |
| TZD | 4 (3.5%) | 10 (3.9%) | 0.881 |
| DPP4 inhibitor | 3 (2.7%) | 9 (3.5%) | 0.681 |
| Insulin | 25 (22.1%) | 80 (30.9%) | 0.084 |
Values are means ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) or the number of participants (%). AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, cerebral infarction; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GI, glucosidase inhibitors; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HF, heart failure; HTN, hypertension; LA, left atrial/atrium; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systemic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; TZD, thiazolidinediones.