Table 5.

The association between metformin and endpoints in HbA1c ≥7% subgroup after PSM.

	Metformin	Non-metformin	Hazard ratio	P-value
	(n = 60)	(n = 96)	(95% CI)
All-cause mortality*	4 (1.70)	19 (5.05)	0.292 (0.093, 0.913)	0.034
Cardiovascular death†	2 (0.85)	8 (2.13)	0.408 (0.774, 1.706)	0.257
All-cause hospitalizations†	42 (17.87)	64 (17.02)	1.149 (0.774, 1.706)	0.491
Hospitalization for heart failure†	23 (9.79)	31 (8.24)	1.267 (0.735, 2.184)	0.394

PSM, propensity score matching.

Data were presented as no. of patients with events (% per patient-year).

^*For all-cause mortality, hazard ratios and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox regression models, stratified according to level of HbA1c. Adjusted covariables included age, gender, body mass index, cigarette smoking, systemic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, New York Heart Association class, left ventricular ejection fraction, duration of diabetes and heart failure, whether living with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, or cerebral infarction, glycated hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, left atrial, sulfonylureas, glinides, glucosidase inhibitors, insulin.

^†Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for secondary outcomes were not adjusted for multiplicity.