Table 2.

Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis for BAL SARS-CoV-2 positivity

	Univariable	p value	Multivariable	p value
	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Male sex (vs. female)	2.49 (1.09–5.71)	0.031	1.52 (0.52–4.41)	0.440
Age (per year)	0.97 (0.95–0.99)	0.014	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.193
Symptoms and respiratory function
Dyspnea	2.01 (0.92–4.39)	0.081
Cough	1.30 (0.59–2.89)	0.513
Gastrointestinal	1.89 (0.62–5.76)	0.260
ENT (dysgeusia, anosmia)	6.57 (1.66–26.07)	0.007	4.51 (0.81–25.08)	0.085
Temperature (per 1 °C)	1.99 (1.29–3.09)	0.002	1.94 (1.13–3.33)	0.016
Desaturation (SpO2 < 92%)	1.22 (0.54–2.76)	0.630
PaO2:FiO2 (per 25)	0.97 (0.86–1.08)	0.536
CT findings
Number of involved lobes	1.35 (1.09–1.66)	0.006
Ground glass opacity > 50%	2.46 (1.11–5.48)	0.027
Consolidation	0.68 (0.28–1.61)	0.378
Non-COVID infection*	0.14 (0.06–0.38)	< 0.001	0.12 (0.04–0.41)	0.001
Conclusion (vs. negative)
Borderline	0.75 (0.22–2.60)	0.655	2.26 (0.48–10.61)	0.300
Suggestive	5.16 (1.77–15.00)	0.003	7.36 (2.10–25.77)	0.002
Laboratory tests
White blood cells (per 103/μl)	0.98 (0.90–1.05)	0.566
Lymphocytes (per 103/μl)	0.73 (0.43–1.22)	0.230
Eosinophils (per 103/μl)	0.08 (0.00–3.12)	0.179
Lactate dehydrogenase (per 100 IU/l)	1.23 (0.96–1.59)	0.104
C-reactive protein (per mg/dl)	1.00 (0.96–1.03)	0.984
Procalcitonin (ng/ml)	0.82 (0.58–1.15)	0.248
d-Dimer (per mg/ml)	0.93 (0.73–1.18)	0.543
Fibrinogen (per 100 mg/dl)	1.06 (0.87–1.30)	0.542
Ferritin (per mg/ml)	1.29 (0.86–1.92)	0.211
Pneumococcal urinary antigen	1.89 (0.78–4.61)	0.159

Bold values indicate statistically significant

Odds ratios (OR) are reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI); in the case of continuous variables, absolute increments corresponding to the OR are specified. For the multivariate analysis, a total of 173 observations were used (87%) due to listwise deletion

*At CT scan