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. 2021 Mar 25;11:6822. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86282-3

Table 3.

Prevalence and safety perception of traditional medicine use.

TM prevalence (n=177) Frequency %
Used TM 50 28.3
Did not use TM 127 71.8
Views on safety
Safe 20 11.3
Not Safe 39 22.0
Don't Know 118 66.7
Period & type of Traditional Medicine ↓ Frequency of traditional medicine use (n = 50) Total
1–5 times 6–10 times 11 > 
1st trimester
Holy water 0 2 3 5
Buffalo thorns 2 0 0 2
Wild Garlic/Marula 2 0 0 2
Soil/Soil with urine 1 1 0 2
Unknown 1 0 1 2
Elephant dung 1 0 0 1
Missing 0 0 0 1
2nd trimester
Holy water 0 2 3 5
Soil 0 1 0 1
Unknown 1 0 1 2
3rd trimester
Aardvark 1 0 0 1
Devil thorn/Boot protector 0 0 1 1
Donkey berries 1 0 0 1
Elephant dung 1 0 0 1
Hare nest 2 0 0 2
Holy tea 0 1 0 1
Holy water 0 3 6 9
Ikhalimeza 0 2 0 2
Ointment-Vimbela 0 0 1 1
Sheep fat and eucalyptus oil 0 0 1 1
Snuggle leaf 2 0 0 2
Soil/ Soil with urine 1 1 0 2
Unknown 2 0 5 7
Wasp habitat 1 0 0 1
Water snake 2 1 0 3
During labour
Donkey placenta 1 0 0 1
Holy water 1 0 0 1
Snuggle leaf 2 1 0 2
Soil with urine 1 0 0 1
After labour 1 0 0 1
Devil thorn/boot protectors 1 0 0 1
Unknown 1 0 0 1