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. 2021 Mar 5;37(3):224–232. doi: 10.1089/aid.2020.0176

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

GM-CSF treatment of HIV-1 Tg rat macrophages restores phagocytic function. Alveolar macrophages were treated ex vivo with 10 ng/mL of GM-CSF for 24 h before incubation with pHrodo-labeled Staphylococcus aureus for 2 h. Cells were analyzed by mean fluorescence intensity with a representative image shown here. An over twofold increase in phagocytosis is present in the HIV macrophages treated with GM-CSF, suggesting a restoration of innate immune effector function. *p < .05 compared to HIV-1 Tg. Data presented as phagocytic index ± SEM, n = 3 animals and 100–150 cells/group. HIV-1 Tg, HIV-1 transgenic.