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. 2021 Mar 25;4:408. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-01956-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Bacteria of 5 MRSA and 5 Pa strains were tested for their susceptibility to various antibiotics: susceptible (blue boxes), intermediate (gray boxes), or resistant (yellow boxes) and MIC values to Th (thymol), Eu (eugenol), Cin (cinnamaldehyde), Cu (cuminaldehyde), Cit (citral-a), Te (terpinen-4-ol), and Me (menthol). Bactericidal efficacies of 30 J/cm² BL in the absence and presence of an indicated compound at 1/4 MICs were obtained against the 10 MDR strains. b and c Resistance development of MRSA HS0182 and Pa HS0028 to the sub-lethal doses of BL plus thymol (b), penicillin (PEN) alone (c, left), or ampicillin (AMP) alone (c, right), respectively. Each value represents the mean of triplicate assays. Antibiotics in a: AMK, amikacin; MEM, meropenem; ATM, aztreonam; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; FEP, cefepime; TGC, tigecycline; CAZ, ceftazidime; CRO, ceftriaxone; CXM, cefuroxime; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CLI, clindamycin; DAP, daptomycin; ERY, erythromycin; GEN, gentamicin; IPM, imipenem; LVX, levofloxacin; LNZ, linezolid; LZD, linezolid; MXF, moxifloxacin; NIT, nitrofurantoin; OXA, oxacillin; RIF, rifampin; TET, tetracycline; CZT, ceftizoxime; and VAN, vancomycin.