Table 1.

Six previously published eryptosis compounds have been selected to be tested in this study, based on their current or potential clinical use and their known molecular targets. Further, two compounds have been previously tested on malaria parasites.

Compound	Molecular target	Clinical use or potential use	Published eryptosis induction concentration	Effect on P. falciparum/P. berghei
Clinically approved
Amiodarone	Calcium, potassium and sodium channels inhibitor	Anti-arrhythmic agent (Zimetbaum, 2012; National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2020a)	5 µM, (Nicolay et al., 2007)	Reduced parasitemia (Pf, Pb) and increased mice survival (Pb) (Bobbala et al., 2010b)
BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib, Nexavar)	Raf kinase inhibitor	Anti-cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) (Ng and Chen, 2006)	1 µM, (Lupescu et al., 2012)	–
Clinical trials
Cordycepin	AMPK activator	Isolated from the fungus Cordyceps militaris Clinical trials I/II: Anti-cancer capacities (Wang et al., 2019)	31 µM, (Lui et al., 2007)	–
Herbal medicine compounds
Apigenin	Kinases inhibitor	Extracted from chamomile Anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer capacities (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2020b)	15 µM, (Zbidah et al., 2012)	Decreased parasitemia (Pb) (Amiri et al., 2018)
Oridonin	Not well understood	Extracted from Isodon rubescens Anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer capacities (Ding et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2018)	25 µM, (Jilani et al., 2011)	–
Other
Benzethonium	Disrupts lipid bilayer (cationic detergent)	FDA approved as a skin disinfectant and preservative in vaccines (Geier et al., 2010; National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2020c) Anti-cancer capacities (Yip et al., 2006)	5 µM, (Lang et al., 2011)	–