. 2021 Mar 25;11:6828. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86235-w

Table 2.

Proportional fatality and relative risk for death overall (including euthanasia, unknown method and unassisted) in dogs recorded with specific clinical signs of heat-related illness cases presenting to primary-care veterinary practices in the UK between 2016 and 2018.

Presenting clinical sign	Clinical sign recorded			Clinical sign not recorded			Relative Risk	95% CI*	p-value
Presenting clinical sign	n	Deaths	% Fatality Rate	n	Deaths	% Fatality Rate	Relative Risk	95% CI*	p-value
Unresponsive	51	43	84.31	742	47	6.33	13.31	9.85 to 17.98	< 0.001
Coma	15	14	93.33	778	76	9.77	9.55	7.42 to 12.30	< 0.001
Stupor	24	17	70.83	769	73	9.49	7.46	5.33 to 10.45	< 0.001
Multiple seizures	12	8	66.67	781	82	10.5	6.35	4.05 to 9.95	< 0.001
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage	27	14	51.85	766	76	9.92	5.22	3.43 to 7.97	< 0.001
Petechiae/purpura	18	8	44.44	775	82	10.58	4.2	2.41 to 7.32	< 0.001
Ataxia	14	5	35.71	779	85	10.91	3.27	1.58 to 6.80	0.002
Respiratory (excessive panting/dyspnoea)	545	66	12.11	248	24	9.68	1.25	0.80 to 1.95	0.321
Single seizure	30	4	13.33	763	86	11.27	1.18	0.47 to 3.01	0.724
Hypersalivation	33	4	12.12	760	86	11.32	1.07	0.42 to 2.74	0.886
Diarrhoea	76	9	11.84	717	81	11.30	1.05	0.55 to 2.00	0.887
Vomiting	193	22	11.40	600	68	11.33	1.01	0.64 to 1.58	0.980
Collapse-intermittent	250	27	10.80	543	63	11.60	0.93	0.61 to 1.42	0.741
Lethargy	379	21	5.54	414	69	16.67	0.33	0.21 to 0.53	< 0.001

Relative risk describes the risk ratio of death in heat-related illness cases recorded with this clinical sign compared to cases without this clinical sign. *CI confidence interval, n = 793.