Fig. 1. The effect of oxidative stress on prostate cancer. Consumption of high carbohydrate, high protein, and high-fat diets may induce oxidative stress. Oxidative damage is not only induced by the unrestricted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but also due to other oxidants, such as reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Overproduction of reactive species, including hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide anion (O₂˙), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydroperoxides (ROOH), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) may lead to protein/lipid oxidation and DNA mutation. Elevation of ROS can result in the progression and development of prostate cancer. The onset and progression of prostate cancer could be prevented by changing dietary habits by modulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling pathways. Consumption of diet high in vitamins A, D, and E, minerals (selenium and zinc), phytochemicals, and dietary fibers may reduce the risk of prostate cancer.