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Pathways of bile acids affecting bone homeostasis. 1) Intestinal flora can convert primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. 2) Some types of secondary bile acids can up-regulate the expression of Runx2 and enhance ERK and β-catenin signaling via FXR. 3) Some types of secondary bile acids increase GLP-1 production via TFR5, causing thyroid cells to secrete calcitonin through paracrine.
