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. 2021 Mar 12;11:579323. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.579323

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Pi and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pathways of 5-HT and leptin affecting bone homeostasis. 1) Intestinal-derived 5-HT activates Htr1b on osteoblast progenitor cells and regulates its proliferation via Htr1b/PKA/CREB/cyclins signaling pathway. 2) Brain 5-HT promotes bone formation by acting on Htr2c to reduce the sympathetic activity. 3) Leptin has a direct anabolic effect on osteoblast lines. 4) Leptin decreases the production of brain 5-HT. 5) Leptin increases the levels of estrogen, cortisol, IGF-1 and PTH, thus promoting bone formation.