Table 9.
Proportion of difference in COVID-19 mortality rates between ethnic groups mediated by living in a multi-generational household, stratified by sex.
| Multi-gen with young children |
Multi-gen without young children |
Multi-gen (total) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prop. | 95% CI | Prop. | 95% CI | Prop. | 95% CI | |
| Women | ||||||
| Bangladeshi | 0.089 | (0.014–0.167) | 0.027 | (0.013–0.044) | 0.115 | (0.040–0.200) |
| Black African | 0.044 | (0.007–0.097) | 0.026 | (0.012–0.054) | 0.070 | (0.029–0.138) |
| Black Caribbean | 0.010 | (0.002–0.020) | 0.011 | (0.005–0.020) | 0.022 | (0.010–0.036) |
| Chinese | 0.033 | (−0.318–0.184) | 0.085 | (−0.892–0.551) | 0.117 | (−1.142–0.753) |
| Indian | 0.046 | (0.007–0.086) | 0.070 | (0.033–0.115) | 0.116 | (0.059–0.180) |
| Mixed | 0.013 | (−0.071–0.122) | 0.008 | (−0.036–0.077) | 0.020 | (−0.104–0.202) |
| Other | 0.043 | (0.007–0.091) | 0.044 | (0.020–0.078) | 0.087 | (0.042–0.153) |
| Pakistani | 0.071 | (0.011–0.128) | 0.039 | (0.018–0.062) | 0.111 | (0.048–0.175) |
| Men | ||||||
| Bangladeshi | 0.051 | (0.013–0.092) | 0.018 | (0.001–0.034) | 0.069 | (0.027–0.113) |
| Black African | 0.020 | (0.005–0.037) | 0.010 | (0.001–0.019) | 0.030 | (0.013–0.051) |
| Black Caribbean | 0.006 | (0.001–0.011) | 0.004 | (0.000–0.009) | 0.010 | (0.004–0.017) |
| Chinese | 0.122 | (−0.390–0.446) | 0.231 | (−1.034–0.942) | 0.353 | (−1.550–1.395) |
| Indian | 0.027 | (0.007–0.049) | 0.033 | (0.003–0.063) | 0.060 | (0.023–0.099) |
| Mixed | 0.006 | (0.001–0.015) | 0.002 | (0.000–0.007) | 0.009 | (0.003–0.019) |
| Other | 0.028 | (0.006–0.051) | 0.021 | (0.002–0.043) | 0.049 | (0.020–0.082) |
| Pakistani | 0.045 | (0.011–0.079) | 0.018 | (0.001–0.035) | 0.063 | (0.026–0.102) |
Note: Proportion of difference in COVID-19 mortality between ethnic group mediated by living in a multi-generational household is estimated as the Average Causal Mediated Effect (ACME) as a proportion of the age-adjusted difference in the probability of COVID-19 death. The ACME is derived based on models that adjust for geographical factors (region, population density, urban/rural classification), socioeconomic characteristics (IMD decile, household deprivation, educational attainment, social grade, household tenancy), and health: (self-reported health and disability from the Census, pre-existing conditions based on hospital contacts). 95% confidence intervals are obtained via bootstrapping, using 500 replications.