TABLE 4.
Baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory findings and specific treatments of COVID‐19 patients with normal or pathologic ECG at 7 days
|
Total N = 159 |
Normal ECG N = 74 |
Abnormal ECG N = 85 |
p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67 (57–79) | 63 (54–75) | 73 (62–85) | .001 |
| Male gender | 105 (66.0%) | 49 (66.2%) | 56 (65.9%) | .9 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 27.3 (25.1–30.25) | 26.2 (24.32–30.82) | 27.3 (25.4–31.2) | .3 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Current/past smoking | 58 (36.5%) | 29 (39.1%) | 29 (34.Q%) | .5 |
| Hypertension | 95 (59.7%) | 36 (48.6%) | 59 (69.4%) | .01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 38 (23.9%) | 16 (21.6%) | 22 (25.9%) | .5 |
| Type−2 diabetes | 24 (15%) | 12 (16.2%) | 12 (14.1%) | .7 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Previous AMI | 13 (8.2%) | 3 (4%) | 10 (11.8%) | .08 |
| COPD | 26 (16.3%) | 12 (16.2%) | 14 (16.5%) | .96 |
| CKD | 14 (8.8%) | 6 (8.1%) | 8 (9.4%) | .8 |
| Stroke/TIA | 9 (5.7%) | 4 (5.4%) | 5 (5.9%) | .9 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 20 (12.6%) | 6 (8.1%) | 14 (16.4%) | .1 |
| Clinical presentation | ||||
| SBP | 120 (110–134) | 125 (112–135) | 125 (110–135) | .3 |
| DBP | 70 (70–80) | 75 (70–85) | 70 (60–80) | .08 |
| Fever (> 37.3 C°) | 130/153 (85.0%) | 63 (88.7%) | 67 (81.7%) | .2 |
| Cough | 101/153 (66.0%) | 47 (66.2%) | 54 (65.9%) | .9 |
| Dyspnea | 88/153 (57.5%) | 36 (50.7%) | 52 (63.4%) | .1 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.8 (11.3–14.3) | 13.2 (11.35–14.22) | 12.2 (10.8–14.0) | .1 |
| White blood cells, N/µl | 6,900 (5,000–9689) | 5,990 (5,015–9,145) | 7,425 (5192–11,342) | .1 |
| Lymphocyte, % | 17 (10–25) | 17 (11–25) | 14 (8–23) | .06 |
| Platelet, x109 per L | 204 (154–268) | 195 (165–246) | 210 (149–278) | .5 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.9 (0.73–1.14) | 0.85 (0.71–1.05) | 0.95 (0.75–1.3) | .05 |
| Blood glucose, mg/dl | 105 (91–136) | 105 (89–121) | 110 (96–145) | .1 |
| ALT, U/L | 27 (16–41) | 27 (19–41) | 24 (16.0–38.25) | .7 |
| AST, U/L | 34 (24–48) | 34 (23–52) | 34 (26–48) | .5 |
| LDH, U/L | 308 (232–400) | 283 (243–368) | 347 (263–407) | .03 |
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 80 (48–195) | 93 (46–264) | 84 (50–184) | .8 |
| C reactive protein, mg/dl | 6.62 (2.62–13.97) | 7.7 (2.77–16.0) | 8.6 (3.7–16.1) | .3 |
| Interleukin−6, pg/ml | 26.8 (13.0–75.6) | 22.8 (14.8–52.3) | 32.7 (13.5–100.0) | .3 |
| D‐dimer, μg/ml | 0.7 (0.52–1.50) | 0.64 (0.48–1.71) | 1.2 (0.52–1.66) | .4 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 0.15 (0.10–0.60) | 0.10 (0.10–0.90) | 0.20 (0.10–1.60) | .08 |
| BNP, pg/dl | 260 (34–550) | 38 (10–117.7) | 416 (116–1,160) | .03 |
| Arterial blood gas | ||||
| Body temperature, °C | 37.6 (37.0–38.0) | 37.7 (37.0–38.0) | 37.5 (367–38.0) | .2 |
| SpO2 | 96 (94–98) | 96 (94–97) | 96 (93–98) | .8 |
| PaO2 | 72 (63–85) | 74 (65–85) | 69 (60–90) | .4 |
| FiO2 | 21 (21–31) | 21 (21–26) | 28 (21–50) | <.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 302 (210–357) | 340 (259–395) | 241 (173–319) | <.001 |
| Severe COVID−19 | 80 (50.3%) | 27 (36.4%) | 53 (62.3%) | .001 |
| Therapy | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 123 (77.3%) | 57 (77%) | 66 (77.6%) | .9 |
| Tocilizumab | 24 (15%) | 14 (18.9%) | 10 (11.7%) | .2 |
| β‐lactam antibiotics | 102 (64.1%) | 46 (62.2%) | 56 (65.9%) | .6 |
| Macrolide antibiotics | 78 (49%) | 35 (47.3%) | 43 (50.6%) | .7 |
Continuous variables are presented as median (IQR) while categorical ones as n (%) or n/N (%), where N is the total number of patients with available data.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body max index; BNP, Brain natriuretic peptide; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive lung disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen. Severe COVID‐19; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PaO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SpO2 ≤93% or PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤300.