TABLE 1.
Association between demographics, biochemical measures, comorbidities and severity. odds ratios were derived by logistic regression severe (severe + critical) vs not severe (mild + common). p‐values adjusted for age, sex and BMI, except those for age, sex and BMI
| Severity category | 1 (mild) | 2 (common) | 3 (severe) | 4 (critical) | adj OR severe vs not | 95% CI | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic & clinical parameters | ||||||||
| n | 32 | 450 | 95 | 33 | ||||
| Sex M | 19 (59.3%) | 207 (46.0%) | 61 (64.2%) | 25 (75.7%) | 2.3 | 1.5 | 3.5 | <.0001 |
| Age years mean (SD) | 40.8(12.4) | 47.2(13.5) | 53.7 (13.4) | 62.4 (14.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | <.0001 |
| BMI kg/m2 mean (SD) | 23.3 (3.5) | 23.6 (3.3) | 25.5 (3.6) | 25.0 (3.5) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | <.0001 |
| BMI < 23 kg/m2 (SD) | 20.2(1.2) | 21.8 (1.5) | 20.4 (2.0) | 21.3 (1.5) | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.3 | .955 |
| BMI > 23 kg/m2 (SD) | 25.7(2.6) | 25.8(2.5) | 26.6 (2.8) | 26.4 (2.9) | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | .001 |
| Smoker (%) | 14 (43.7%) | 61 (13.7%) | 26 (27.3%) | 14 (42.4%) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | .076 |
| Cough (Respiratory Symptoms) (%) | 18 (56.2%) | 27 (6%) | 75 (78.9%) | 30 (91%) | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.1 | .001 |
| Digestive Symptoms (%) | 7 (21.8%) | 52 (11.5%) | 17 (17.9%) | 4 (12.1%) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | .089 |
| Fever (%) | 23 (71.8%) | 366 (81.5%) | 84 (88.4%) | 28 (84.8%) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.1 | .573 |
| Peak Temperature (SD) | 37.5 (0.6) | 37.8 (0.7) | 38.0 (0.8) | 38.2 (0.9) | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | .006 |
| Biochemical measures | ||||||||
| Glucose mmol/l (SD) | 6.0 (1.8) | 6.2 (2.1) | 6.8 (2.8) | 9.0 (3.9) | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | <.0001 |
| CRP mg/L (SD) | 4.3 (12.6) | 15.8(20.0) | 22.3 (24.7) | 48.8 (34.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | <.0001 |
| Lymphocyte (109/L) (SD) | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.2(0.5) | 1.1 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.2 | <.0001 |
| Monocyte (109/L) (SD) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.6 | .519 |
| Neutrophil (109/L) (SD) | 3.6 (1.5) | 3.2 (1.5) | 4.9 (5.5) | 6.5 (3.4) | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | <.0001 |
| WBC (109/L) (SD) | 5.6 (2.0) | 5.0 (2.1) | 6.2 (5.2) | 7.0 (3.3) | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | <.0001 |
| PLT (109/L) (SD) | 208.2 (54.2) | 198.2 (70.7) | 191.4 (63.9) | 172.8 (84.5) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.00 | .079 |
| HBG* (g/L) (SD) | 142.3 (11.8) | 135.0 (15.4) | 136.0 (17.8) | 131.8 (19.5) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.01 | .724 |
| AST (iu/L) (SD) | 21.6 (10.2) | 26.9 (16.1) | 36.8 (21.4) | 47.7 (33.7) | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.04 | <.0001 |
| ALT (iu/L) (SD) | 27.6(23.3) | 27.5 (24.5) | 38.6 (33.5) | 39.5 (36.6) | 1.01 | 1.0 | 1.02 | .0001 |
| ALB (g/dl) (SD) | 42.0 (4.2) | 41.4 (5.3) | 36.1 (4.8) | 31.1 (3.7) | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | <.0001 |
| TC (mmol/L) (SD) | 4.6 (0.9) | 3.9 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.8) | 3.8 (1.3) | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.2 | .600 |
| TG (mmol/L) (SD) | 2.5 (3.1) | 1.4(0.7) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.5) | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.2 | .481 |
| HDL (mmol/L) (SD) | 1.0(0.2) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.3) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | .026 |
| LDL (mmol/L) (SD) | 2.7 (0.7) | 2.2 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.6) | 2.0 (1.0) | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.1 | .177 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) (SD) | 3.8 (0.3) | 3.9 (2.4) | 3.8(0.5) | 3.6 (0.4) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 | .242 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) (SD) | 138.9 (2.1) | 138.3 (2.8) | 136.9 (3.2) | 135.5 (7.5) | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | <.0001 |
| Creatinine kinase (iu/L) (SD) | 69.9 (10.5) | 67.6 (18.7) | 83.7 (52.3) | 95.9 (230.) | 1.01 | 1.0 | 0.02 | .014 |
| LDH (iu/L) (SD) | 164.4 (41.2) | 216.5 (72.7) | 329.9 (146) | 382.2 (166.5) | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.02 | <.0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Type 2 Diabetes | 2 (6.2%) | 37 (8.2%) | 16 (16.8%) | 5 (15.1%) | 1.2 | 0.6 | 2.2 | .565 |
| Hypertension | 3 (9.3%) | 77 (17.1%) | 38 (40.0%) | 19 (57.5%) | 2.3 | 1.4 | 3.7 | .0004 |
*
HBG 1 g/L = 0.1 g/dl. Bold values represent statistical significance