TABLE 1.
Baseline attributes of post‐liver transplant patients in included studies
| Study | Country | Number | Sex (M/F) | Age (y) | Ethnicity | Comorbidities | Reason for transplantation | Medication (Immunosuppression + others) |
Time since liver transplant Median (range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Becchetti et al 17 | Multiple | 57 | 40 (70%)/ 17 (30%) | 65 (57‐70) |
Caucasians: 53 (93%) Others: 4 (7%) |
HTN: 32 (56%) DM: 21 (37%) CAD: 7 (12%) Lung disease: 13 (23%) Obesity: 1 (17%) Cancer: 5 (9%) Smoking: 7 (12%) |
ESLD: 38 (68%) Liver tumor: 16 (29%) ALF: 4 (7%) Other: 9 (16%) |
CNI: 50 (88%) Prednisone: 10 (18%) MMF/MPA: 25 (44%) mTORi: 7 (12%) |
NA |
| Fernandez‐Ruiz et al 18 | Spain | 6 | 4 (67%)/ 2 (33%) | 72.5 (55.44‐80.89) | NA |
HTN: 3 (50%) DM: 4 (67%) CAD: 1 (17%) |
Cirrhosis: 4 (67%) HCC: 2 (33%) ALF: 1(17%) |
CNI: 2 (33%) Prednisone: 1 (17%) MMF/MPA: 2 (33%) mTORi: 3 (50%) |
11.6 (4.54‐21.46) y |
| Donato et al 21 | Italy | 8 | 6 (75%)/ 2 (25%) | 61 (55.11‐70.89) | NA |
CAD: 4 (50%) Lung disease: 4 (50%) |
NA |
CNI: 7 (87.5%) Prednisone: 2 (25%) MMF/MPA: 6 (75%) |
9.75 (4.19‐15.90) y |
| Yi et al 22 | United States | 4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Loinaz et al 23 | Spain | 19 | 14 (74%)/ 5 (26%) | 58 (57.55‐67.19) | NA |
HTN: 10 (52.6%) DM: 6 (31%) CAD: 7 (12%) Lung disease: 13 (23%) Obesity: 1 (17%) Cancer: 5 (9%) Smoking: 7 (12%) |
Cirrhosis: 17 (89.47%) HCC: 7 (36.81%) |
CNI: 8 (42.1%) Prednisone: 3 (15.8%) MMF/MPA: 10 (52.6%) mTORi: 4 (21.5%) |
6.91 (5.28‐12.15) y |
| Webb et al 24 | Multiple | 151 | 102 (68%)/ 49 (32%) | 60 (47‐66) |
African American: 16 (11%) Caucasian: 111 (74%) Hispanic: 6 (4%) Asian: 13 (8%) Others: 6 (3%) |
HTN: 63 (42%) DM: 65 (43%) CAD: 22 (15%) CVD: 3 (2%) Lung disease: 8 (6%) Obesity: 44 (29%) Cancer: 8 (5%) Smoking: 3 (2%) |
Cirrhosis: 105 (95%) PSC: 19 (13%) PBC: 6 (4%) Others: 20 (13%) |
CNI: 135 (89%) Prednisone: 67 (44%) MMF/MPA: 77 (51%) Aza: 13 (9%) mTORi: 7 (5%) |
5 (2‐11) y |
| Tschopp et al 25 | Switzerland | 5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Lee et al 26 | United States | 38 | 26 (68%)/ 12 (32%) | 63 (27‐81) |
African American: 5 (13%) Caucasian: 15 (39%) Hispanic: 14 (39%) Asian: 2 (5%) Others: 2 (5%) |
NA |
ESLD: 30 (79%) HCC: 7 (18%) ALF: 1 (3%) |
CNI: 38 (100%) Prednisone: 15 (39%) MMF/MPA: 19 (50%) mTORi: 1 (3%) |
3.8 (0.02‐28.2) y |
| Belli et al 27 | Multiple | 103 | 76 (74%)/ 27 (26%) | 65 (11‐82) | NA |
HTN: 52/101 (51%) DM: 41/101 (41%) CAD: 7/101 (7%) Lung disease: NA Obesity: 49/88 (56%) Cancer: NA Smoking: 13/101 (13%) |
NA | NA | NA |
| Colmenero et al 28 | Spain | 111 | 79 (71%)/ 32 (29%) | 65.34 ± 10.9 | NA |
HTN: 64/111 (58%) DM: 53/111 (48%) CAD: 22/111 (20%) Lung disease: 13/111 (12%) |
NA |
CNI: 72 (65%) Prednisone: 24 (22%) MMF/MPA: 57 (51%) mTORi: 23 (21%) |
8.8 (2.91‐14) y |
| Patrono et al 20 | Italy | 9 | 7 (78%)/ 2 (22%) | NA | NA | NA |
CNI: 9 (100%) Prednisone: 2 (22%) MMF/MPA: 5 (55%) mTORi: 2 (2%) |
||
| Bhoori et al 19 | Italy | 6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: ALF: Acute liver failure; Aza: Azathioprine; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CNI: calcineurin inhibitor; CVD: Cerebrovascular disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; ESLD: End‐stage liver disease; F: Female; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HTN: Hypertension; M: Male; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; MPA: Mycophenolic acid; mTORi: mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor; NA: Not available; PBC: primary biliary cholangitis; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis; Yrs: Years.