TABLE 3.
Levels of whole blood metal(loid)s in recovered and deceased patients with severe COVID‐19
| Elements | Outcomes, median (IQR) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recovered | Deceased | ||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 69 (62‐77.5) | 69 (67‐81) | .311 |
| Sex | .185 | ||
| Male | 49 (55.1%) | 11 (73.3%) | |
| Female | 40 (44.9%) | 4 (26.7%) | |
| Whole blood elements (reference range), IQR | |||
| µMg (31.9‐48.0), mg/L | 38.29 (35‐40.49) | 38.39 (36.18‐40.19) | .681 |
| µCa (46.9‐66.8), mg/L | 68.72 (62.39‐71.92) | 64.53 (60.51‐72.57) | .491 |
| Cr ( <0.50‐0.76), µg/L | 0.96 (0.78‐1.19) | 1.5 (1.05‐1.87) | .001 |
| Mn (8.1‐18.5), µg/L | 10.63 (8.74‐13.25) | 10.38 (8.13‐13.01) | .687 |
| Fe (406.5‐576.7), mg/L | 371.33 (331.57‐430.26) | 342.58 (316.07‐413.32) | .424 |
| Cu (634.1‐999.4), µg/L | 925.22 (828.7‐1076.39) | 999.29 (820.21‐1114.67) | .392 |
| Zn (4.3‐7.8), mg/L | 6.15 (5.65‐6.79) | 6.22 (5.81‐6.99) | .508 |
| As (0.93‐8.14), µg/L | 1.14 (0.84‐1.52) | 0.85 (0.52‐0.96) | .002 |
| Cd (0.22‐6.44), µg/L | 0.63 (0.45‐0.9) | 0.8 (0.77‐1.78) | .002 |
| Hg (<1.15‐5.97), µg/L | 1.45 (<1.15‐2) | 1.82 (<1.15‐3.29) | .187 |
| Tl (<0.05‐0.09), µg/L | <0.05 (<0.05‐0.05) | <0.05 (<0.05‐< 0.05) | .622 |
| Pb (8.7‐48.1), µg/L | 10.55 (8.92‐14.31) | 10.64 (6.42‐16.9) | .647 |
Abbreviations: As, arsenic; Ca, calcium; Cd, cadmium; Cr, chromium; Cu, copper; Fe, iron; Hg, mercury; Mg, magnesium; Mn, manganese; Pb, lead; Tl, thallium; Zn, Zinc.
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