TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Immunosuppression for Patients Hospitalized with COVID‐19
| Demographics | All patients | Survived a | Died | p‐Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 38) | (n = 27) | (n = 11) | ||
| Mean age, years ± SD | 53.8 ± 13.6 | 50.7 ± 13.2 | 61.5 ± 11.0 | .03 |
| Male sex | 25 (65.8%) | 17 (63.0%) | 8 (72.7%) | .71 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White/European | 5 (13.2%) | 4 (14.8%) | 1 (9.1%) | .94 |
| African American | 17 (44.7%) | 11 (40.7%) | 6 (54.5%) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 13 (34.2%) | 10 (37.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 3 (7.9%) | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Mean body mass index, kg/m2 ± SD | 28.3 ± 6.2 | 28.4 ± 6.0 | 28.1 ± 6.7 | .66 |
| Median time post‐transplant, months (IQR) | 69.6 (18.5‐114.2) | 67.0 (16.1‐111.8) | 103.5 (35.8‐131.4) | .20 |
| Etiology of kidney disease | ||||
| Hypertension | 7 (18.4%) | 5 (18.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | .81 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (34.2%) | 8 (29.6%) | 5 (45.5%) | |
| Glomerulonephritis | 12 (31.6%) | 10 (37.0%) | 2 (18.2%) | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 3 (7.9%) | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Other | 3 (7.9%) | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Underlying comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 34 (89.5%) | 24 (88.9%) | 10 (90.9%) | 1.00 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 (50.0%) | 13 (48.1%) | 6 (54.5%) | 1.00 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 3 (7.9%) | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | 1.00 |
| HIV | 3 (7.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | .02 |
| ACEI/ARB prescription | 10 (26.3%) | 7 (25.9%) | 3 (27.3%) | 1.00 |
| Prior transplantation | 4 (10.5%) | 2 (7.4%) | 2 (18.2%) | .56 |
| Kidney donor type | ||||
| Living donor | 17 (44.7%) | 13 (41.8%) | 4 (36.4%) | .72 |
| Deceased donor | 21 (55.3%) | 14 (51.9%) | 7 (63.6%) | |
| Combined kidney‐pancreas transplant | 2 (5.3%) | 2 (7.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Induction immunosuppression | ||||
| Lymphocyte depleting | 30 (78.9%) | 24 (88.9%) | 6 (54.5%) | .01 |
| IL‐2 inhibitor | 3 (7.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | |
| None | 2 (5.3%) | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Unknown | 3 (7.9%) | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Maintenance immunosuppression | ||||
| Tacrolimus + mycophenolate | 7 (18.4%) | 6 (22.2%) | 1 (9.1%) | .39 |
| Tacrolimus + mycophenolate + corticosteroid | 22 (57.9%) | 14 (51.9%) | 8 (72.7%) | |
| Tacrolimus + corticosteroid | 3 (7.9%) | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| mTOR + mycophenolate + corticosteroid | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Belatacept + mycophenolate + corticosteroid | 4 (10.5%) | 4 (14.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Corticosteroid + IVIG | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Maintenance tacrolimus therapy | 32 (84.2%) | 22 (81.5%) | 10 (90.9%) | .65 |
| Maintenance corticosteroid therapy | 31 (81.6%) | 21 (77.8%) | 10 (90.9%) | .65 |
| Receiving triple immunosuppression therapy | 27 (71.1%) | 19 (70.4%) | 8 (72.7%) | 1.00 |
| Median baseline tacrolimus trough, ng/ml (IQR) | 6.5 (5.0‐8.7) | 6.8 (5.1‐9.2) | 6.4 (5.0‐7.6) | .46 |
| Mycophenolate dose prior to diagnosis, mg | ||||
| No antimetabolite | 4 (10.5%) | 2 (7.4%) | 2 (18.2%) | .76 |
| ≤1000 per day | 19 (50.0%) | 14 (51.9%) | 5 (45.5%) | |
| >1000 per day | 15 (39.5%) | 11 (40.7%) | 4 (36.4%) | |
| Mean baseline eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 ± SD | 52.5 ± 29.9 | 54.2 ± 31.2 | 48.2 ± 25.9 | .69 |
| Any treated rejection post‐transplant | 10 (26.3%) | 5 (18.5%) | 5 (45.5%) | .12 |
| Treated malignancy within 1 year | 3 (7.9%) | 1 (3.7%) | 2 (18.2%) | .20 |
| Hospitalization for infection during the past year | 7 (18.4%) | 6 (22.2%) | 1 (9.1%) | .34 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ESRD, end‐stage renal disease; IQR, interquartile range; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; SD, standard deviation.
a
As of June 15, 2020.